如何使用NFS配置linux文件共享
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参考技术A 方法/步骤首先确认自己的服务器上面是否有portmap和nfs包,一般情况下都会有.
查询命令:
rpm
-qa
|
grep
portmap
rpm
-qa
|
grep
nfs
如果有就接着向下走
启动portmap和nfs,但是portmap的先于nfs启动,因为portmap为nfs动态分配端口
查看是有启动正常用如下命令
prcinfo
-p
如果看到portmap和nfs表示启动正常
设置你要共享的文件和目录
编辑vi
/etc/exports
格式如下:
共享目录
允许访问的主机ip(权限)
输出共享目录和文件
1.要不重启nfs服务
2.使用exportfs
-rv命令
接着到另一台服务器上面去挂载nfs服务器输出的文件和目录
1.新建你要挂载的目录
2.查看nfs服务器的输出目录
showmount
-e
nfs的ip
挂载目录或文件
格式如下:
mount
nfs服务器地址:/usr/local/web
/mnt/websites
查看挂载结果
df
-h
测试共享时候成功,在web1上面下面的挂载目录下面新建一个文件然后随便写点东西看web2上面时候同步
卸载目录的命令:
umount
/mnt/websites
Linux系统之使用autofs自动挂载nfs共享
Linux系统之使用autofs自动挂载nfs共享
一、autofs介绍
Autofs 是一项可自动挂载相应文件系统的客户端服务，可用于nfs共享的自动挂载，无需手动mount挂载，方便日常使用。
二、检查本地系统环境
1.检查系统版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
2.检查系统内核版本
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r
6.1.8-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
三、部署nfs服务
1.检查系统nfs软件包
检查系统nfs软件包是否安装
[root@jeven ~]# yum list installed |grep nfs
libnfsidmap.x86_64 0.25-19.el7 @anaconda
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.61.el7 @anaconda
nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64 0.3.3-19.el7 @anaconda
2.安装nfs
[root@jeven ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 95 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:10
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.61.el7 will be updated
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 will be an update
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-47.el7 will be updated
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================================================================================
Updating:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 updates 413 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-49.el7 base 60 k
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================
Upgrade 2 Packages
Total download size: 473 k
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for base
No Presto metadata available for updates
(1/2): rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64.rpm | 60 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64.rpm | 413 kB 00:00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 607 kB/s | 473 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Updating : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 1/4
Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 2/4
Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.61.el7.x86_64 3/4
Cleanup : rpcbind-0.2.0-47.el7.x86_64 4/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.68.el7.2.x86_64 1/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-49.el7.x86_64 2/4
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-47.el7.x86_64 3/4
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.61.el7.x86_64 4/4
Updated:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.3.0-0.68.el7.2 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-49.el7
Complete!
3.创建共享目录
mkdir -p /nfs #创建共享目录
4.编辑配置文件
echo "/nfs *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports
5.重启nfs相关服务
systemctl enable --now rpcbind
systemctl enable --now nfs-server
6.查看nfs服务状态
[root@jeven ~]# systemctl status nfs-server
● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /run/systemd/generator/nfs-server.service.d
└─order-with-mounts.conf
Active: active (exited) since Sat 2023-02-04 11:00:17 CST; 1min 1s ago
Process: 63991 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c if systemctl -q is-active gssproxy; then systemctl reload gssproxy ; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 63969 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd $RPCNFSDARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 63967 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/exportfs -r (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 63969 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Tasks: 0
Memory: 0B
CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-server.service
Feb 04 11:00:15 jeven systemd[1]: Starting NFS server and services...
Feb 04 11:00:17 jeven systemd[1]: Started NFS server and services.
四、远程客户端测试nfs共享
[root@server001 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.3.166
Export list for 192.168.3.166:
/nfs *
五、配置autofs自动挂载
1.安装autofs软件包
[root@server001 ~]# yum -y install autofs
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 95 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 19 MB 00:00:22
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-116.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libhesiod.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
autofs x86_64 1:5.0.7-116.el7_9 updates 834 k
Installing for dependencies:
hesiod x86_64 3.2.1-3.el7 base 30 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 864 k
Installed size: 5.2 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 834 kB 00:00:01
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 718 kB/s | 864 kB 00:00:01
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 1/2
Installing : 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : hesiod-3.2.1-3.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : 1:autofs-5.0.7-116.el7_9.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
autofs.x86_64 1:5.0.7-116.el7_9
Dependency Installed:
hesiod.x86_64 0:3.2.1-3.el7
Complete!
2.设置服务开机自启
[root@server001 ~]# systemctl enable --now autofs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/autofs.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service.
3.配置autofs自动挂载
指定 zhangsan用户挂载的本地目录为/home/zhangsan，挂载用户家目录配置文件为/etc/auto.nfs
[root@server001 ~]# grep home /etc/auto.master
/home /etc/auto.nfs
[root@server001 ~]# cat /etc/auto.nfs
zhangsan -fstype=nfs,rw 192.168.3.166:/nfs
4.重启autofs服务
[root@server001 ~]# systemctl restart autofs
[root@server001 ~]#
六、测试客户端autofs自动挂载
1.进入/home/zhangsan目录
进入/home/zhangsan目录，autofs自动将/nfs共享目录挂载到本地/home/zhangsan目录。
[root@server001 ~]# cd /home/zhangsan
[root@server001 zhangsan]# df -h |grep zhangsan
192.168.3.166:/nfs 106G 49G 58G 47% /home/zhangsan
2.测试共享目录创建文件
- 客户端写入文件
[root@server001 zhangsan]# touch aa.txt
[root@server001 zhangsan]# ls
aa.txt
- nfs服务端查看文件
[root@jeven ~]# cd /nfs/
[root@jeven nfs]# ls
aa.txt
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