如何用Java实现Web服务器

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参考技术A

   一 HTTP协议的作用原理

  WWW是以Internet作为传输媒介的一个应用系统 WWW网上最基本的传输单位是Web网页 WWW的工作基于客户机/服务器计算模型 由Web 浏览器(客户机)和Web服务器(服务器)构成 两者之间采用超文本传送协议(HTTP)进行通信 HTTP协议是基于TCP/IP协议之上的协议 是Web浏览器和Web服务器之间的应用层协议 是通用的 无状态的 面向对象的协议 HTTP协议的作用原理包括四个步骤

  ( ) 连接 Web浏览器与Web服务器建立连接 打开一个称为socket(套接字)的虚拟文件 此文件的建立标志着连接建立成功

  ( ) 请求 Web浏览器通过socket向Web服务器提交请求 HTTP的请求一般是GET或POST命令(POST用于FORM参数的传递) GET命令的格式为

  GET 路径/文件名 HTTP/

  文件名指出所访问的文件 HTTP/ 指出Web浏览器使用的HTTP版本

  ( ) 应答 Web浏览器提交请求后 通过HTTP协议传送给Web服务器 Web服务器接到后 进行事务处理 处理结果又通过HTTP传回给Web浏览器 从而在Web浏览器上显示出所请求的页面

  例 假设客户机与 /mydir/l建立了连接 就会发送GET命令 GET /mydir/l HTTP/ 主机名为的Web服务器从它的文档空间中搜索子目录mydir的文件l 如果找到该文件 Web服务器把该文件内容传送给相应的Web浏览器

  为了告知 Web浏览器传送内容的类型 Web服务器首先传送一些HTTP头信息 然后传送具体内容(即HTTP体信息) HTTP头信息和HTTP体信息之间用一个空行分开

   常用的HTTP头信息有

  ① HTTP OK

  这是Web服务器应答的第一行 列出服务器正在运行的HTTP版本号和应答代码 代码 OK 表示请求完成

  ② MIME_Version

  它指示MIME类型的版本

  ③ content_type 类型

  这个头信息非常重要 它指示HTTP体信息的MIME类型 如 content_type text/指示传送的数据是html文档

  ④ content_length 长度值

  它指示HTTP体信息的长度(字节)

  ( ) 关闭连接 当应答结束后 Web浏览器与Web服务器必须断开 以保证其它Web浏览器能够与Web服务器建立连接

   二 Java实现Web服务器功能的程序设计

  根据上述HTTP协议的作用原理 实现GET请求的Web服务器程序的方法如下

  ( ) 创建ServerSocket类对象 监听端口 这是为了区别于HTTP的标准TCP/IP端口 而取的

  ( ) 等待 接受客户机连接到端口 得到与客户机连接的socket

  ( ) 创建与socket字相关联的输入流instream和输出流outstream

  ( ) 从与socket关联的输入流instream中读取一行客户机提交的请求信息 请求信息的格式为 GET 路径/文件名 HTTP/

  ( ) 从请求信息中获取请求类型 如果请求类型是GET 则从请求信息中获取所访问的HTML文件名 没有HTML文件名时 则以l作为文件名

  ( ) 如果HTML文件存在 则打开HTML文件 把HTTP头信息和HTML文件内容通过socket传回给Web浏览器 然后关闭文件 否则发送错误信息给Web浏览器

  ( ) 关闭与相应Web浏览器连接的socket字

  下面的程序是根据上述方法编写的 可实现多线程的Web服务器 以保证多个客户机能同时与该Web服务器连接

  程序 WebServer java文件

  //WebServer java 用JAVA编写Web服务器

  import java io *

  import *

  public class WebServer

  public static void main(String args[])

  int i= PORT=

  ServerSocket server=null

  Socket client=null

  try

  server=new ServerSocket(PORT)

  System out println( Web Server is listening on port +server getLocalPort())

  for ( ) client=server accept() //接受客户机的连接请求

  new ConnectionThread(client i) start()

  i++

  

   catch (Exception e) System out println(e)

  

  

  /* ConnnectionThread类完成与一个Web浏览器的通信 */

  class ConnectionThread extends Thread

  Socket client //连接Web浏览器的socket字

  int counter //计数器

  public ConnectionThread(Socket cl int c)

  client=cl

  counter=c

  

  public void run() //线程体

  try

  String destIP=client getInetAddress() toString() //客户机IP地址

  int destport=client getPort() //客户机端口号

  System out println( Connection +counter+ connected to +destIP+ on port +destport+ )

  PrintStream outstream=new PrintStream(client getOutputStream())

  DataInputStream instream=new DataInputStream(client getInputStream())

  String inline=instream readLine() //读取Web浏览器提交的请求信息

  System out println( Received +inline)

  if (getrequest(inline)) //如果是GET请求

  String filename=getfilename(inline)

  File file=new File(filename)

  if (file exists()) //若文件存在 则将文件送给Web浏览器

  System out println(filename+ requested )

  outstream println( HTTP/ OK )

  outstream println( MIME_version )

  outstream println( Content_Type text/ )

  int len=(int)file length()

  outstream println( Content_Length +len)

  outstream println( )

  sendfile(outstream file) //发送文件

  outstream flush()

   else //文件不存在时

  String notfound=

  

Error file not found

  outstream println( HTTP/ no found )

  outstream println( Content_Type text/ )

  outstream println( Content_Length +notfound length()+ )

  outstream println( )

  outstream println(notfound)

  outstream flush()

  

  

  long m =

  while (m < ) m ++ //延时

  client close()

   catch (IOException e)

  System out println( Exception +e)

  

  

  /* 获取请求类型是否为 GET */

  boolean getrequest(String s)

  if (s length()> )

  if (s substring( ) equalsIgnoreCase( GET )) return true

  

  return false

  

  /* 获取要访问的文件名 */

  String getfilename(String s)

  String f=s substring(s indexOf(′ ′)+ )

  f=f substring( f indexOf(′ ′))

  try

  if (f charAt( )==′/′)

  f=f substring( )

   catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e)

  System out println( Exception +e)

  

  if (f equals( )) f= l

  return f

  

  /*把指定文件发送给Web浏览器 */

  void sendfile(PrintStream outs File file)

  try

  DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file))

  int len=(int)file length()

  byte buf[]=new byte[len]

  in readFully(buf)

  outs write(buf len)

  outs flush()

  in close()

   catch (Exception e)

  System out println( Error retrieving file )

  System exit( )

  

  

  

  程序中的ConnectionThread线程子类用来分析一个Web浏览器提交的请求 并将应答信息传回给Web浏览器 其中 getrequest()方法用来检测客户的请求是否为 GET getfilename(s)方法是从客户请求信息s中获取要访问的HTML文件名 sendfile()方法把指定文件内容通过socket传回给Web浏览器

  对上述程序的getrequest()方法和相关部分作修改 也能对POST请求进行处理

   三 运行实例

  为了测试上述程序的正确性 将编译后的WebServer class ConnectionThread class和下面的l文件置于网络的某台主机的同一目录中(如 主机NT SRV的C JWEB目录)

  程序 l文件

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

这是用JAVA写出的WEB服务器主页

   年 月 日

  


  

  

  首先在该主机上用java命令运行WebServer class

  C jweb>java webserver

  然后在客户机运行浏览器软件 在URL处输入WebServer程序所属的URL地址(如 ) 就在浏览器窗口显示出指定的HTML文档

  注意 不能缺省端口号 如缺省 则运行该主机的正常WEB服务器

lishixinzhi/Article/program/Java/hx/201311/26626

在java Web中如何用Ajax实现用户名已存在

我是初学者,请高手提供代码,包括java类,和jsp页面的代码,急啊~~~~!!

我给你做一个例子:希望能帮到你。
实现的功能:注册页面上当输入“lixin”时,显示该用户已被注册。其他的名称无所谓。希望能帮到你。欢迎追问。
一个简单的jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>

<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
//根据浏览器的不同创建不同的XMLHttpRequest
function createXmlHttpRequest()
var xmlreq=false;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
xmlreq=new XMLHttpRequest();
else if(window.ActiveXobject)
try
xmlreq = new ActiveXobject("Msxm12.XMLHTTP");
catch(e1)
try
xmlreq = new ActiveXobject("Miscoft.XMLHTTP");
catch(e2)



return xmlreq;

//
function usernameCheck()

var username = document.all.username.value;//获得text的值

var request = createXmlHttpRequest();//创建request的对象
request.open("post","servlet/ValidationServlet?username="+username);
request.send();
request.onreadystatechange = function()
if(request.readyState==4&request.status==200)

var value = request.responseText;
if(value=="true")
document.all.unc.innerHTML="该用户名已经被注册";
else
document.all.unc.innerHTML="该用户可以注册";


</script>
</head>

<body>
用户姓名:<input type ="text" name="username" onblur="usernameCheck()" /><font color="red" size="-1" id="unc"></font>
<br>
用户密码:<input type ="password" name= "userpw" />
</body>
</html>
用到的Servlet:
package sample;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ValidationServlet extends HttpServlet

/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException

this.doPost(request, response);


public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException

response.setContentType("text/html");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
if(username.equals("lixin"))
response.getWriter().print("true");
else
response.getWriter().print("false");


参考技术A 初学者??这些是我学java一年才开始学的东西,这些东西太多了,都只能说一下思路,写代码,太长,要写好几百行,你写一个dao方法,按照用户名从数据库查询,如果不为空则就是用户名存在,反之不存在,既然你是初学者,我用其他快捷的方式完成了你也看不懂,最基础的太长,我不想写,所以你还是在网上找些例子看着学习吧,别人完成的毕竟没有自己完成的理解深刻 参考技术B 数据库操作类(mysql数据库)1.import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;public class BaseDao
protected Connection conn;
protected Statement sta;
protected ResultSet rs;
protected PreparedStatement ps;

public void setConnection()
try
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dianlv";
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"root","root");
catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
catch (SQLException e)
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();


public void closeAll()
try

if(rs!=null)
rs.close();
if(ps!=null)
ps.close();
if(sta!=null)
sta.close();
if(conn!=null)
conn.close();


catch(SQLException e)
e.printStackTrace();



2.UserDao类集成baseDao类,实现对数据库中的数据名字超找:import java.sql.SQLException;public class UserDao extends BaseDao

/**
* 验证用户名是否成功;如果成功了返回true;
*
* **/
public boolean checkUserName(String userName)
boolean flag = false;
this.setConnection();
String sql ="select * from users where userName = ?";

try
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ps.setString(1,userName);
rs = ps.executeQuery();
if(rs.next())

flag = true;

catch (SQLException e)
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();


return flag;
3.上面代码实现应该有一个user实体:创建user实体类:public class User
private String userName;
private int id;
private String password;
public String getUserName()
return userName;

public void setUserName(String userName)
this.userName = userName;

public int getId()
return id;

public void setId(int id)
this.id = id;

public String getPassword()
return password;

public void setPassword(String password)
this.password = password;


4.写一个servlet用户验证用户名是否重复;import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import com.fz.dao.UserDao;public class CheckUserNameServlet extends HttpServlet
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException doPost(request, response);
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
5:jsp页面用于用户的操作,上面用到ajax技术用户验证用户名是否重复<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>My JSP 'Login.jsp' starting page</title>

<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function checkUnique()
var content = $('#userName').val(); //获取文本框中输入的内容
var url = 'servlet/CheckUserNameServlet';

$.post(
url, //处理请求的url
'name':content, //传递的参数
function(data) //请求处理完毕之后的回调函数
if(data == 'true')//返回的是字符串不能用data = false这样比较
$("#s1").text("用户名不唯一");```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
else if(data == 'false')
$("#s1").text("用户名可用");



);


</script> </head>

<body>
<% request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

%>

<form action="">
用户名:<input type="text" name="uerName" onblur="checkUnique();" id = "userName"/> <span id="s1"></span><br/>
密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br/>

<input type="submit" value="提交"/>

</form>
</body>
</html>

String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
if(userName!=null && !userName.isEmpty())
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
boolean b = dao.checkUserName(userName);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.print(b);
out.flush();
out.close();




注意把jquery的jar报引到项目下,使用jquery方式实现ajax。
参考技术C 你这不是不会。是一点都不会?

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