接口测试HttpClient&fastJson 总结与案例

Posted 2020-11-22 fatcat1

多次理解，反复练习，破釜沉舟。

 

HttpCLient是什么

Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目
支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包
支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本

 

怎么利用HttpClient写自动化

简化重点：

1、接口请求与接口响应（先要理解http协议），常见的以下两种请求方式

   Get

　Post

2、数据解析，学会以下用法

　JsonObject

　JsonArray

3、结果断言

 

 

 

演示代码片段

这里以https://my.oschina.net/u/3559695/blog/1600534/网页的接口为例 1 @Test

 2     public void test1() throws IOException {
 3 //      构造数据
 4         String cookie = "111111";//会定时更新，自己去获取吧～
 7         //json的写法  => Content-Type:application/json  (传输的数据格式)
 8 //        User user=new User();//需要新建一个User类，命名属性的set方法
 9 //        user.setUserId(3559695);
10 //        user.setSkillsNum(5);
11 //        String jsonString=JSON.toJSONString(user); 等同于  String jsonString=" {"userId":3559695,"skillsNum":5}";

12 //        System.out.println("打印"+jsonString);
13 //        StringEntity stringEntity=new StringEntity(jsonString);
14 
15         //form的写法 => Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
16         //携带普通的参数params的方式
17         List<NameValuePair> params=new ArrayList<>();
18         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userId","3559695"));//BasicNameValuePair是存储键值对的类
19         params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("skillsNum","5"));
20         String jsonString=EntityUtils.toString(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, Consts.UTF_8));//这里就是：userId=3559695&skillsNum=5
21         System.out.println(jsonString);
22 
23         //1、打开浏览器
24         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
25         //2、创建httpGet对象
26         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://my.oschina.net/u/3559695/radar/getUserPortraitRadarMap");
27         httpPost.addHeader("Cookie", cookie);
28 //        httpPost.addHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip, deflate, br");
29         httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
30         httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent",
31                 "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.97 Safari/537.36");
32 //        httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity); 这个是json格式的方式
33         httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"UTF-8"));
34         //3、发送请求，获取响应模型
35         CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
36         //4、从响应模型获取响应实体
37         HttpEntity httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
38         //5、将响应实体转为String
39         if (httpEntity != null){
40             String str = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
41             System.out.println(str);
42             //6、String解析为JsonObject、JsonArray
43             JSONObject jsonObject=JSONObject.parseObject(str);
44             System.out.println(jsonObject);
45             System.out.println("输出状态码code："+jsonObject.getString("code"));
46             System.out.println(jsonObject.get(1));
47             JSONObject jsonObject1=jsonObject.getJSONObject("result");
48             System.out.println(jsonObject1);
49             JSONArray jsonArray=JSONArray.parseArray(jsonObject1.getString("skills"));
50             System.out.println(jsonArray);
51             System.out.println(jsonArray.get(1));
52 
53             //测试
54             Assert.assertEquals(jsonObject.getString("code"),"1");
55             Assert.assertTrue(jsonArray.get(1).equals("社区影响力"));
56             Assert.assertNotNull(jsonObject.getString("result"));
57             Assert.assertNotSame(jsonObject1.getString("skills"),jsonArray);
58 
59         }else EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);
60         //释放资源
61         httpResponse.close();
62         httpClient.close();
63     }

 url响应结果：

{"code":1,"message":"success","result":{"skills":["社区活跃度","社区影响力","技术贡献度","活动活跃性","开源贡献度","学习积极性"],"maxSkillScore":100,"skillsScore":[11.932739749333637,10.202996646175928,10.279304325337817,5.0,5.0,12.192893401015228]},"time":"2019-11-21 12:45:10"}