20182318 哈夫曼编码测试

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20182318 哈夫曼编码测试

1.实验内容

设有字符集:S={a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n.o.p.q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z}。
给定一个包含26个英文字母的文件,统计每个字符出现的概率,根据计算的概率构造一颗哈夫曼树。
并完成对英文文件的编码和解码。
要求:

  1. 准备一个包含26个英文字母的英文文件(可以不包含标点符号等),统计各个字符的概率
  2. 构造哈夫曼树
  3. 对英文文件进行编码,输出一个编码后的文件
  4. 对编码文件进行解码,输出一个解码后的文件

    2. 实验过程及结果

    过程:

    1,哈夫曼树的建立

  5. 将所有带权值的结点按权值从小到大排列(这里的权值我们用每个字符出现的概率来代替);
  6. 依次选取权值最小的结点放在树的底部,权值小的在左边(取出的结点相当于从这些结点的集合中剔除);
  7. 生成一个新节点作为这两个结点的父节点,且父节点的权值等于这两个结点权值之和,然后要把这个新结点放回我们需要构成树的结点中,继续进行排序;
  8. 重复上述2、3步骤,直至全部节点形成一棵树,此树便是哈夫曼树,最后生成的结点即为根节点。这样构成的哈夫曼树,所有的存储有信息的结点都在叶子结点上。
    技术图片

主要代码
package hafuman;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class harfmain {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        char[] S = new char[]{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'};
        double[] sum = new double[26];
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
            sum[i] = 0;
        }
        File file = new File("D:\\", "20182318wangzhenao.txt");
        Reader reader2 = new FileReader(file);
        String result = "";
        String result1 = "";
        String result2 = "";
        while (reader2.ready()) {
            result += (char) reader2.read();
        }
        char[] text = result.toCharArray();
        for (int j = 0; j < text.length; j++) {
            for (int k = 0; k < S.length; k++) {
                if (text[j] == S[k] || text[j] == (S[k] - 32)) {
                    sum[k]++;
                    count++;
                }
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < sum.length; i++) {
            sum[i] = sum[i] / count;
        }
        for(int i = 0 ; i<sum.length;i++)
        {
            System.out.println(S[i]+":"+sum[i]);
        }
        List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<Node>();
        for (int i = 0; i < sum.length; i++) {
            nodes.add(new Node(S[i], sum[i]));
        }
        harf h = new harf();
        Node root = h.createTree(nodes);
        h.setCode(root);
        String s = h.toHufmCode(result, root);
        System.out.println(s);
        File file1 = new File("D:\\", "hello world.txt");
        Writer writer2 = new FileWriter(file1);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(writer2);
        bufferedWriter.write("编码后的哈夫曼为"+s, 0, s.length());
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        bufferedWriter.close();
        String a ="哈夫曼解码后"+h.CodeToString(s,root);
        File file2 = new File("D:\\", "hello world1.txt");
        Writer writer3 = new FileWriter(file2);
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter1 = new BufferedWriter(writer3);
        bufferedWriter1.write(a, 0, a.length());
        bufferedWriter1.flush();
        bufferedWriter1.close();
        Reader reader3 = new FileReader(file1);
        Reader reader4 = new FileReader(file2);
        while (reader3.ready()) {
            result1 += (char) reader3.read();
        }
        System.out.println(result1);
       while (reader4.ready()) {
            result2 += (char) reader4.read();
        }
       System.out.println(result2);
    }
}
package hafuman;

    public class Node<E> {
        E data;
        public String code = "";
        double weight;
        Node leftChild;
        Node rightChild;

        public Node(E data, double weight) {
            super();
            this.data = data;
            this.weight = weight;
        }

    }
package hafuman;

import java.util.List;

public class harf {
    Node createTree(List<Node> nodes) {
        // ??nodes?????л???2?????????
        while (nodes.size() > 1) {
            quickSort(nodes);
            //???????С?????????
            Node left = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 1);
            Node right = nodes.get(nodes.size() - 2);

            //??????????????????????????????
            Node parent = new Node(null, left.weight + right.weight);

            //?????????????????С????????
            parent.leftChild = left;
            parent.rightChild = right;

            //???????С?????????
            nodes.remove(nodes.size() - 1);
            nodes.remove(nodes.size() - 1);

            //???????????????
            nodes.add(parent);
        }

        return nodes.get(0);
    }

    private static void subSort(List<Node> nodes, int start, int end) {
        if (start < end) {
            // ????????????????
            Node base = nodes.get(start);
            // i????????????????????????????????
            int i = start;
            // j?????????????????С???????????????
            int j = end + 1;
            while (true) {
                // ??????????????????????????i???????end??
                while (i < end && nodes.get(++i).weight >= base.weight)
                    ;
                // ???С?????????????????????j???????start??
                while (j > start && nodes.get(--j).weight <= base.weight)
                    ;

                if (i < j) {
                    swap(nodes, i, j);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }

            swap(nodes, start, j);

            //????????????
            subSort(nodes, start, j - 1);
            //????????????
            subSort(nodes, j + 1, end);
        }
    }

    public static void quickSort(List<Node> nodes) {
        subSort(nodes, 0, nodes.size() - 1);
    }

    private static void swap(List<Node> nodes, int i, int j) {
        Node tmp;
        tmp = nodes.get(i);
        nodes.set(i, nodes.get(j));
        nodes.set(j, tmp);
    }

    public void setCode(Node root) {

        if (root.leftChild != null) {
            root.leftChild.code = root.code + "0";
            setCode(root.leftChild);
        }

        if (root.rightChild != null) {
            root.rightChild.code = root.code + "1";
            setCode(root.rightChild);
        }

    }
    public void output(Node root) {

        if (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null) {
            System.out.println(root.data + ": " +root.code);
        }
        if (root.leftChild != null) {
            output(root.leftChild);
        }
        if (root.rightChild != null) {
            output(root.rightChild);
        }
    }
    private String hfmCodeStr = "";// ?????????????????????

    /**
     * ????
     */
    public String toHufmCode(String str,Node root) {

        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
           char c = str.charAt(i) ;
            search(root, c);
        }
        return hfmCodeStr;
    }

    private void search(Node root, char c) {
        if (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null) {
            if (c == (char)root.data) {
                hfmCodeStr += root.code; // ???????????????????????????????????????????????
            }
        }
        if (root.leftChild != null) {
            search(root.leftChild, c);
        }
        if (root.rightChild != null) {
            search(root.rightChild, c);
        }

    }
    String result="";
    boolean target = false; // ??????
    public String CodeToString(String codeStr,Node root) {

        int start = 0;
        int end = 1;

        while(end <= codeStr.length()){
            target = false;
            String s = codeStr.substring(start, end);
            matchCode(root, s); // ????
            // ?????????????start?????
            if(target){
                start = end;
            }
            end++;
        }
        return result;
    }

    private void matchCode(Node root, String code){
        if (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null) {
            if (code.equals(root.code)) {
                result += root.data; // ????????????????????????????
                target = true; // ??????true
            }
        }
        if (root.leftChild != null) {
            matchCode(root.leftChild, code);
        }
        if (root.rightChild != null) {
            matchCode(root.rightChild, code);
        }
    }

}

运行结果
技术图片

参考资料

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