视图类用法大总结

Posted 2020-11-22 skyoceanchen

目录

• 视图家族
• 数据准备
• APIView
• GenericAPIView
• 视图工具类
• 工具视图类（重点）
• 视图集

视图家族

from rest_framework import views, generics, mixins, viewsets
views：视图类
mixins:视图工具类
generics:工具视图类
viewsets:视图集

#俩大视图类：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
# APIView，GenericAPIView
# GenericAPIView：是所有工具视图的父类

# 六大视图工具类：
from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin
# RetrieveModelMixin,单查询
# ListModelMixin,群查询
# CreateModelMixin,增加
# UpdateModelMixin，更新，在这里面有两种方法，因此是六大视图工具类
# DestroyModelMixin,删除

# 九大工具视图类
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView,DestroyAPIView,GenericAPIView,ListAPIView,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveAPIView,RetrieveDestroyAPIView,RetrieveUpdateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,UpdateAPIView
# CreateAPIView,单增加
# DestroyAPIView,删除
# GenericAPIView,基类
# ListAPIView,群查
# ListCreateAPIView,群查，单增加
# RetrieveAPIView,单查
# RetrieveDestroyAPIView,
# RetrieveUpdateAPIView,
# RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView,
# UpdateAPIView

#两大视图集基类
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet,GenericViewSet 
# ViewSet,
# GenericViewSet 

数据准备

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Student(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    

APIView

from rest_framework.views import APIView

APIView继承Django的View
1) View：将请求方式与视图类的同名方法建立映射，完成请求响应
2) APView：
主要继承了View的功能；
重写as_view禁用csrf认证；
重写dispatch：请求、响应、渲染、异常、解析、三大认证
多了一堆类属性，可以完成视图类的局部配置

from . import models, serializers
from rest_framework.response import Response
class StudentAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        stu_query = models.Student.objects.all()
        stu_ser = serializers.StudentModelSerializer(stu_query, many=True)
        return Response(stu_ser.data)

url(r'^v1/students/$', views.StudentAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v1/students/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.StudentAPIView.as_view()),

GenericAPIView

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class GenericAPIView(views.APIView):#继承了views.APIView的所有功能

# GenericAPIView提供了三个方法：get_object()、get_queryset()、get_serializer()
class StudentGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # stu_query = models.Student.objects.all()
        stu_query = self.get_queryset()
        # stu_ser = serializers.StudentModelSerializer(stu_query, many=True)
        stu_ser = self.get_serializer(stu_query, many=True)
        return Response(stu_ser.data)

 url(r'^v2/students/$', views.StudentGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v2/students/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.StudentGenericAPIView.as_view()),

    

视图工具类

from rest_framework import mixins
class StudentMixinGenericAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

url(r'^v3/students/$', views.StudentMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v3/students/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.StudentMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()),

    

工具视图类（重点）

主要是查询是最重要的

单查询和群查询不能同时使用

# 工具视图类
from rest_framework.generics import CreateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, ListAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView
class StudentMixinAPIView(CreateAPIView, RetrieveAPIView, ListAPIView, UpdateAPIView, DestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer
    # url中单查，不一定必须提供主键，提供一切唯一键的字段名均可
    lookup_url_kwarg = 'id'

    # 有删除需求的接口继承DestroyAPIView，重写destroy完成字段删除
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

url(r'^v4/students/$', views.StudentMixinAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v4/students/(?P<id>d+)/$', views.StudentMixinAPIView.as_view()),

    # 将所有 请求方式 与 响应方法名 的映射关系交给用户自己配置
    

视图集

可以解决单查和群查询

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class StudentModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Student.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializers.StudentModelSerializer

    def my_post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return Response('my post ok')

url(r'^v5/students/$', views.StudentModelViewSet.as_view({
        'get': 'list',
        'post': 'my_post'
    })),
    url(r'^v5/students/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.StudentModelViewSet.as_view({
        'get': 'retrieve',
        'put': 'update',
        'patch': 'partial_update',
        'delete': 'destroy'
    })),