github常用命令汇总

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创立版本库

mkdir Baidu
cd Baidu
git init

 


SSH
ssh-keygen -t -rsa -C "[email protected]"
(在github上new SSH,内容为id_rsa.pub)

 

 

添加远程库
(github上新建git仓库,选择REAMDE.md)
git remote add origin [email protected]:TaylorApril/Baidu.git
git push -u origin master
(报错)
git pull --rebase origin master
git push -u origin master
git push origin master

 

 

提交(文件名字read.txt)
git add read.txt
(所有文件 git add .)
git commit -m "说明文字"
git push

 


版本回退
(查看最近到最远提交日志)
git log --prtty=oneline
(回退版本计数:HEAD^上一个版本、HEAD~100上与100个版本)
git reset --hard HEAD^
(回退版本号码:回退版本commit id为3628df)
git reset --hard 3628df
(想要恢复:使用命令记录来找回commit id回退)
git reflog

 


撤销修改

———>              git add files              git commit
working directory--------------stage-------------history
<———         git checkout --files         git reset --files

 

 

删除文件(read.txt)
rm read.txt
(从版本库中删除)
git rm read.txt
git commit -m "delete"
(删错了)
git checkout -- read.txt

 

 

分支(分支名字dev)
创建分支:git branch dev
切换分支:git checkout dev
创建+切换分支:git checkout -b dev
查看当前分支:git branch
切换回master分支:git checkout master
合并指定分支到当前分支:git merge dev
(fast-forward 快进模式)
删除分支:git branch -d dev

 


解决冲突(分支名字fea)
冲突原因:master和Dev同时增长。
git checkout -b fea
(修改Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.)
git add read.txt
git commit -m "fea"
git checkout master
(修改Creating a new branch is quick & simple.)
git addread.txt
git commit -m "master"
(此时形成了master和fea各自指着一个分支)
git merge fea
(合并错误,git status , cat read.txt可以查看)
(修改read.txt的文本内容 Creating a new branch is quick and simple.)
git add read.txt
git commit -m “conf”
(现在master和fea指向同一个人点了,git log可查看合并情况)
git branch -d fea

 


分支管理策略(--no-ff)(分支名字dev 文件名字read.txt)
git checkout -b dev
git add read.txt
git commit -m "dev"
git checkout master
(注意下个参数--no-ff,表示禁用fast forward)
(fast forward合并看不出曾经做过合并,而--no-ff参数合并后的历史有分支,negative看出曾经做过合并)
git merge --no-ff -m "merge with --no-ff" dev
(查看分支历史 git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit)

 


bug分支(bugg分支为要解决bug的分支)
思想:当手头还有工作时,先将工作现场git stash(避免bug修复好后将为完成的工作一起提交),然后修复bug、提交之后,在用git stash pop将原来的工作显示在工作区 。
(git status查看状态)
git stash
git checkout -b bugg
(修改bug后)
git add bugg.txt
git commit -m "fixed bug"
git checkout master
git merge --no-ff -m "merge bug" bugg
git branch -d bugg
(接下来回到dev上继续工作)
git checkout dev
(查看工作区git status)
(用git stash list查看)
git stash list
(恢复的第一种方法:恢复的同时把stash内容同时删除)
git stash pop
(恢复的第二种方法:恢复的同时不删除stash内容)
git stash apply
(若使用第二种方法想删除stash则用git stash drop)
(若是多个文件stash 可用git stash apply [email protected]{0}恢复指定的stash)

 


feature分支(分支为dev)
(在没完全完成合并时强行删除)
git branch -D dev

 


多人协作
(查看远程库信息)
git remote
(查看远程库更详细信息)
git remote -v

推送dev分支
git push origin dev

抓取分支
(克隆)
git clone [email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git
(查看能见分支 git branch)
(在dev分支上开发,创建远程origin的dev分支到本地)
git checkout -b dev origin/dev
(修改后,进行提交)
git commit -m "add"
git push origin dev
(在他提交之后你再push的情况时)
(指定本地dev分支与远程origin分支链接)
git branch
git pull
git commit -m "fixed"
git push

 

 

报错

报错1

$ git push -u origin master
To [email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git
! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to ‘[email protected]:TaylorApril/test.git‘
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., ‘git pull ...‘) before pushing again.
hint: See the ‘Note about fast-forwards‘ in ‘git push --help‘ for details.


解决:
git pull --rebase origin master
git push -u origin master

 

报错2

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch ‘master‘
Your branch is ahead of ‘origin/master‘ by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)

解决:
git push




































































































































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