Linux file命令详解

Posted 2020-11-21 ftl1012

file: 查看文件类型

file常见命令参数

Usage: file [OPTION...] [FILE...]
Determine type of FILEs.

      --help                 display this help and exit
  -v, --version              output version information and exit
  -m, --magic-file LIST      use LIST as a colon-separated list of magic
                               number files
  -z, --uncompress           try to look inside compressed files
  -b, --brief                do not prepend filenames to output lines
  -c, --checking-printout    print the parsed form of the magic file, use in
                               conjunction with -m to debug a new magic file
                               before installing it
  -e, --exclude TEST         exclude TEST from the list of test to be
                               performed for file. Valid tests are:
                               ascii, apptype, compress, elf, soft, tar, tokens, troff
  -f, --files-from FILE      read the filenames to be examined from FILE
  -F, --separator STRING     use string as separator instead of `:‘
  -i, --mime                 output MIME type strings (--mime-type and
                               --mime-encoding)
      --apple                output the Apple CREATOR/TYPE
      --mime-type            output the MIME type
      --mime-encoding        output the MIME encoding
  -k, --keep-going           don‘t stop at the first match
  -L, --dereference          follow symlinks (default)
  -h, --no-dereference       don‘t follow symlinks
  -n, --no-buffer            do not buffer output
  -N, --no-pad               do not pad output
  -0, --print0               terminate filenames with ASCII NUL
  -p, --preserve-date        preserve access times on files
  -r, --raw                  don‘t translate unprintable chars to ooo
  -s, --special-files        treat special (block/char devices) files as
                             ordinary ones
  -C, --compile              compile file specified by -m
  -d, --debug                print debugging messages

常用的命令展示

file  /var/log/secure*    -->显示是二进制文件

file /var/log/lastlog      -->显示是data文件   -->不能cat –> 只能last命令查看

shell脚本小工具之万能解压和压缩器

【更多参考】https://blog.csdn.net/u010111874/article/details/51655856

#!/bin/bash
#脚本说明
#压缩案例: sh ./ext.sh en /root/a.zip ./test 压缩类型 压缩后的文件名 要压缩的文件或者目录
#解压案例: sh ./ext.sh de ./a.zip 压缩类型 解压的文件名 （默认当前目录）
type=$1 #压缩类型，en表示压缩，de表示解压
filename=$2 #文件名
to_filename=$3 #如果是压缩则是选择压缩的文件，解压则是输出的文件路径
ext="${filename##*.}" #获取到文件名的后缀
if [ ! $filename ]
then
        #没有传入参数
        echo ‘error(100)not file(tar|gz|bz2|zip|rar)‘
        exit 0
fi
if [ $type = ‘en‘ ]
then
        #压缩至
        #匹配相应的文件
        case $ext in
        ‘tar‘)
                eval "tar cvf $filename $to_filename"
                ;;
        ‘gz‘)
                eval "tar zcvf $filename $to_filename"
                ;;
        ‘bz2‘)
                eval "tar jcvf $filename $to_filename" 
                ;;
        ‘zip‘)
                eval "zip $filename $to_filename"
                ;;
        *)
                #不支持该类型
                echo ‘error(101)This type is not supported(tar|gz|bz2|zip)‘
                ;;
        esac
else
        #解压至
        #匹配相应的文件
        case $ext in
        ‘tar‘)
                eval "tar xvf $filename"
                ;;
        ‘gz‘)
                eval "tar zxvf $filename"
                ;;
        ‘bz2‘)
                eval "tar jxvf $filename"
                ;;
        ‘zip‘)
                eval "unzip $filename"
                ;;
        *)
                #不支持该类型
                echo ‘error(101)This type is not supported(tar|gz|bz2|zip)‘
                ;;
        esac
fi