第九章 操作系统

Posted 2020-11-20 lingxiaolong

 

9.1 BusyBox

       BusyBox是一个集成了一百多个最常用Linux命令和工具的精简工具箱，它只有几MB的大小，很方便进行各种快速验证，被誉为“Linux系统的瑞士军刀”。BusyBox可以运行于多款POSIX环境的操作系统中，如Linux（包括android）、Hurd、FreeBSD等。

[[email protected] ~]# docker search busybox

INDEX       NAME                                  DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

docker.io   docker.io/busybox                     Busybox base image.                             1281      [OK]       

docker.io   docker.io/progrium/busybox                                                            66                   [OK]

docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-busybox-httpd   Raspberry Pi compatible Docker Image with ...   41                   

docker.io   docker.io/radial/busyboxplus          Full-chain, Internet enabled, busybox made...   19                   [OK]

[[email protected] ~]# docker pull docker.io/busybox

[[email protected] ~]# docker images | grep busybox

docker.io/busybox             latest              8c811b4aec35        4 weeks ago         1.15 MB

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -it busybox

/ #

       busybox镜像虽然小巧，但包括了大量常见的Linux命令，读者可以用它快速熟悉Linux命令。

9.2 Alpine

       Alpine操作系统是一个面向安全的轻型Linux发行版。它不同于通常Linux发行版，alpine采用了musl libc和busybox以减小系统的体积和运行时资源消耗，但功能上比busybox又完善得多，因此得到开源社区越来越多得青睐。

[[email protected] ~]# docker run alpine echo "123"

9.3 Debian/Ubuntu

9.3.1 Debian

[[email protected] ~]# docker search -s 3 debian

Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead

INDEX       NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

docker.io   docker.io/ubuntu                             Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s...   7861      [OK]       

docker.io   docker.io/debian                             Debian is a Linux distribution that‘s comp...   2623      [OK]

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -it debian bash

[email protected]:/# cat /etc/issue

Debian GNU/Linux 9 l

 

9.3.2 Ubuntu

[[email protected] ~]# docker search -s 10 ubuntu

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

[email protected]:/#

[email protected]:/# lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID:        Ubuntu

Description:        Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS

Release:        14.04

Codename:        trusty

[email protected]:/# apt-get update

       Docker镜像再制作时为了精简清楚了apt仓库信息，因此需要先执行apt-get update命令来更新仓库信息。更新信息后即可成功通过apt-get命令来安装软件。

[email protected]:/# apt-get install curl -y

[email protected]:/# apt-get install -y apache2

[email protected]:/# curl http://172.17.0.3

9.4 Centos/Fedora

9.4.1 Centos

        Centos（community Enterprise OS ，社区企业操作系统）是基于Red Hat Enterprise Linux源代码编译而成的。

[[email protected] ~]# docker search -f stars=25 centos

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -it centos bash

[[email protected] /]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

9.4.2 Fedora 

[[email protected] ~]# docker search -f stars=2 fedora

INDEX       NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED

docker.io   docker.io/fedora                    Official Docker builds of Fedora                667       [OK]       

docker.io   docker.io/mattdm/fedora             A basic Fedora image corresponding roughly...   49                   

docker.io   docker.io/fedora/apache                                                             34                   [OK]

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -it fedora bash

[[email protected] /]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Fedora release 28 (Twenty Eight)

 

        出于安全考虑，几乎所有官方制作的镜像都没有安装SSH服务，无法使用用户名和密码直接登陆。