机器人工程考研难易主观感受和客观数据

Posted 2023-01-23 zhangrelay

简易版（共性）：

主观反馈：越来越难

客观数据：研究生录取人数越来越多，比例也越来越高

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看起来矛盾，其实并非如此。 

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详细数据：

80后是指1980年至1989年出生的人口，对应2010年的30岁至21岁人口。

80后共有21933万人，也就是约2.19亿人。
 

90后是指1990年至1999年出生的人口，对应2010年的20岁至11岁人口。

90后共有18837万人，也就是约1.88亿人。
 

00后是指2000年至2009年出生的人口，对应2010年的10岁至1岁人口。

00后共有14708万人，也就是约1.47亿人。
 

按照上述数据，90后比80后少了3096万人，00后又比90后少了4129万人。

1. 2.19 亿
2. 1.88 亿
3. 1.47 亿

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大学招生人数：

 

19年首次突破千万，1000万+。00后人口比90后80后少多了，一共才1.47亿，分到10年，一年也就千万级别，大学教育已经完全普及了。

 

研究生招生人数：

 

20年突破百万，110万+。 

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这里，没有列出留学生。00后留学生>90后>80后。

人口对比曲线：

 最早一批80后，97年左右上大学：

 

最早一批80后，00年左右读研：

客观数据，人口总量下滑，录取总量大幅度上升。

以如上数据得出，读大学或者读研都会越来越简单。 

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为何反馈都是难上加难呢？

学生主观反馈和客观数据不吻合呢？

这里可以参考2013年一篇文章，介绍欧美高等教育和过度教育的。

“过度教育”与不良心理健康相关

作者Rachael Rettner

发表于2013年8月11日

众所周知，受教育太少而无法满足其需求的人患某些心理健康问题的风险增加，但现在一项新的研究表明，过多的教育也可能对心理健康产生不利影响。
研究人员表示，研究中“教育程度过高”的人（受教育年限超过工作要求）患抑郁症的风险增加。
这项研究分析了来自欧洲21个国家的16600多名25岁至60岁的就业者的信息。研究人员根据参与者对调查问题的回答测量了他们的抑郁程度，并于周六（8月10日）在美国社会学协会会议上公布了他们的结果。
比利时根特大学（Ghent University）社会学教授、研究人员彼得·布拉克（Piet Brake）表示，受教育程度过高的人可能会增加精神痛苦的风险，这可能是因为，从定义上讲，他们没有受到工作的挑战，也无法使用在教育期间获得的所有技能。
布拉克告诉《生活科学》杂志，他们也有地位和声望较低的工作，而且往往有不平衡的支持网络——他们依赖他人的支持比那些人能够提供的支持更频繁——这可能会增加他们患抑郁症的风险。
欧洲先前的研究发现，与受教育程度较高的人相比，受教育程度较低的人患严重和频繁抑郁症的风险约为前者的两倍，但风险因国家而异。
这项新的研究还发现，在一个国家有许多受过高等教育的人，会对所有拥有大学学位的人的心理健康产生不利影响。布雷克说，在那些接受更多教育并不能提供更多工作保障或薪水的国家，即使是那些拥有与他们技能水平相匹配的工作的学位的人，他们的心理健康水平也会平均下降。
布雷克说：“如果教育的经济回报降低，就会影响所有受过良好教育的人的心理健康。”。
尽管如此，布雷克表示，他并不认为高等教育的扩张是一件坏事。
但在许多西方国家，劳动力市场很难赶上日益增多的受过高等教育的人，这导致这些人缺乏富有挑战性的工作。
布拉克说：“在国家层面，如果受过大学教育的人数继续增加，如果劳动力市场没有相应的升级，这将恶化人口的心理健康。”。
布拉克说，虽然人们可能在职业生涯初期就开始了一份资历过高的工作，但他们需要机会在几年内在自己的领域向上发展，否则他们的心理健康状况可能会下降。

原文如下：

'Overeducation' Linked With Poor Mental Health
By Rachael Rettner published August 11, 2013

NEW YORK — People with too little education to meet their needs are known to be at increased risk of certain mental health problems, but now a new study suggests that too much education may also have detrimental effects on mental health.

People in the study who were "overeducated" — who had more years of education than their jobs required — were at an increased risk of depression, the researchers said.

The study analyzed information from more than 16,600 employed people ages 25 to 60 in 21 countries in Europe. Researchers measured participants' levels of depression based on their answers to survey questions, and presented their results here Saturday (Aug. 10) at the American Sociological Association meeting.

The reason overeducated people may have an increased risk of mental distress could be because, by definition, they are not challenged by their jobs, and cannot use all of the skills they acquired during their education, said study researcher Piet Bracke, a professor of sociology at Ghent University in Belgium.

They also have jobs with less status and prestige, and tend to have unbalanced support networks — they rely on others for support more often than those people are able to provide it — which may contribute to their depression risk, Bracke told LiveScience.

Previous research in Europe has found that people with lower education levels have about double the risk of having severe and frequent symptoms of depression, compared to people with more education, but the risk varies depending on country.

The new study also found that having many highly educated people in a given country can have detrimental effects on the mental health of all people with college degrees. In countries where more education did not provide significantly more job security or salary, even those with degrees who had jobs that matched their skill level saw declines in their mental health on average, Bracke said.

"If the economic returns of education decrease, it affects the mental health of all the well-educated," Bracke said. 

Still, Bracke said that he did not consider the expansion of higher education a bad thing.

But in many western countries, labor markets are slow to catch up with the increasing numbers of overeducated people, leading to a lack of challenging jobs for these people, Bracke said.

"At the country level, if the number of people with university education continues to rise, [and] if there isn't an equivalent upgrading of the labor market, it will deteriorate the mental health of the population," Bracke said.

While people may start out with a job that they are overqualified for in the beginning of their career, they need opportunities to move upward in their field within a few years, or they could experience declines in mental health, Bracke said.

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