Linux系统之磁盘管理相关命令的基本使用
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Linux系统之磁盘管理相关命令的基本使用
一、检查本地系统版本
[root@kvm01 test]# cd
[root@kvm01 ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
二、df命令的帮助
[root@kvm01 ~]# df --help
Usage: df [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides,
or all file systems by default.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all include pseudo, duplicate, inaccessible file systems
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
--direct show statistics for a file instead of mount point
--total produce a grand total
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
-H, --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-i, --inodes list inode information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-l, --local limit listing to local file systems
--no-sync do not invoke sync before getting usage info (default)
--output[=FIELD_LIST] use the output format defined by FIELD_LIST,
or print all fields if FIELD_LIST is omitted.
-P, --portability use the POSIX output format
--sync invoke sync before getting usage info
-t, --type=TYPE limit listing to file systems of type TYPE
-T, --print-type print file system type
-x, --exclude-type=TYPE limit listing to file systems not of type TYPE
-v (ignored)
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from --block-size,
and the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.
Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).
FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included. Valid
field names are: 'source', 'fstype', 'itotal', 'iused', 'iavail', 'ipcent',
'size', 'used', 'avail', 'pcent', 'file' and 'target' (see info page).
GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'df invocation'
三、df命令的基本使用
1.磁盘使用情况统计
[root@kvm01 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 52403200 1297544 51105656 3% /
devtmpfs 928860 0 928860 0% /dev
tmpfs 940940 0 940940 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 940940 8684 932256 1% /run
tmpfs 940940 0 940940 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1038336 148452 889884 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 101654020 33004 101621016 1% /home
tmpfs 188192 0 188192 0% /run/user/0
2.带单位显示磁盘容量
[root@kvm01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.3G 49G 3% /
devtmpfs 908M 0 908M 0% /dev
tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 919M 8.5M 911M 1% /run
tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 145M 870M 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 97G 33M 97G 1% /home
tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
3.显示文件系统类型
[root@kvm01 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 1.3G 49G 3% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 908M 0 908M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 8.5M 911M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 919M 0 919M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 145M 870M 15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 97G 33M 97G 1% /home
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
4.显示inode信息
[root@kvm01 ~]# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 26214400 32749 26181651 1% /
devtmpfs 232215 375 231840 1% /dev
tmpfs 235235 1 235234 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 235235 463 234772 1% /run
tmpfs 235235 16 235219 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 524288 327 523961 1% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 50851840 7 50851833 1% /home
tmpfs 235235 1 235234 1% /run/user/0
四、du命令的使用
1.du命令的帮助
[root@kvm01 ~]# du --help
Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
or: du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F
Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-0, --null end each output line with 0 byte rather than newline
-a, --all write counts for all files, not just directories
--apparent-size print apparent sizes, rather than disk usage; although
the apparent size is usually smaller, it may be
larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal
fragmentation, indirect blocks, and the like
-B, --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
'-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes;
see SIZE format below
-b, --bytes equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'
-c, --total produce a grand total
-D, --dereference-args dereference only symlinks that are listed on the
command line
-d, --max-depth=N print the total for a directory (or file, with --all)
only if it is N or fewer levels below the command
line argument; --max-depth=0 is the same as
--summarize
--files0-from=F summarize disk usage of the
NUL-terminated file names specified in file F;
if F is -, then read names from standard input
-H equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)
-h, --human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
--inodes list inode usage information instead of block usage
-k like --block-size=1K
-L, --dereference dereference all symbolic links
-l, --count-links count sizes many times if hard linked
-m like --block-size=1M
-P, --no-dereference don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
-S, --separate-dirs for directories do not include size of subdirectories
--si like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-s, --summarize display only a total for each argument
-t, --threshold=SIZE exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive,
or entries greater than SIZE if negative
--time show time of the last modification of any file in the
directory, or any of its subdirectories
--time=WORD show time as WORD instead of modification time:
atime, access, use, ctime or status
--time-style=STYLE show times using STYLE, which can be:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
-X, --exclude-from=FILE exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
--exclude=PATTERN exclude files that match PATTERN
-x, --one-file-system skip directories on different file systems
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
2.显示目录或者文件所占空间
[root@kvm01 test]# du
4 ./.git/refs/heads
0 ./.git/refs/tags
4 ./.git/refs
0 ./.git/branches
40 ./.git/hooks
4 ./.git/info
0 ./.git/objects/pack
0 ./.git/objects/info
4 ./.git/objects/e6
4 ./.git/objects/70
4 ./.git/objects/74
4 ./.git/objects/1e
16 ./.git/objects
4 ./.git/logs/refs/heads
4 ./.git/logs/refs
8 ./.git/logs
92 ./.git
96 .
3.带容量单位显示目录或者文件所占空间
[root@kvm01 test]# du -h
4.0K ./.git/refs/heads
0 ./.git/refs/tags
4.0K ./.git/refs
0 ./.git/branches
40K ./.git/hooks
4.0K ./.git/info
0 ./.git/objects/pack
0 ./.git/objects/info
4.0K ./.git/objects/e6
4.0K ./.git/objects/70
4.0K ./.git/objects/74
4.0K ./.git/objects/1e
16K ./.git/objects
4.0K ./.git/logs/refs/heads
4.0K ./.git/logs/refs
8.0K ./.git/logs
92K ./.git
96K .
[root@kvm01 test]#
4.查看单个文件的大小
[root@kvm01 test]# du aa.txt -h
4.0K aa.txt
五、lsblk命令
检查本地磁盘及分区情况
[root@kvm01 test]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 150G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 149G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
├─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─centos-home 253:2 0 97G 0 lvm /home
六、磁盘管理其他命令
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt # 挂载磁盘分区
fdisk -l /dev/vda # 查看磁盘分区情况
tree # 查看目录层级结构
fdisk /dev/sdb # 对磁盘进行分区操作
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 # 对分区格式化
ls -l # 查看当前目录
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