关于Android事件派发流程的理解

Posted 2022-12-13 _houzhi

以前看了很多人介绍的android事件派发流程，但最近使用那些来写代码的时候出现了不少错误。所以回顾一下整个流程，简单介绍从手触摸屏幕开始到事件在View树派发。从源码上分析ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent。

事件从触摸到View简述

Android的事件产生是从我们触摸屏幕开始，在经过Input子系统，最后达到我们的应用程序(或者经过WindowManagerService到达应用程序)。

而其中Input子系统在Java层对应着InputManagerService，其主要在native层，由InputReader读取EventHub的元数据，将这些数据加工成InputEvent，最后发到InputDispatcher，而InputDispatcher则负责将时间发到应用程序，Input子系统流程可以参见这篇文章Android Framework——之Input子系统。

对于应用层的时间流程，主要是下面的流程图所示：

其中最后一步就是我们经常说的View事件派发流程。另外上面DecorView是经过了两次，第一次是调用DecorView的dispatchTouchEvent，它的源码是:

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) 
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        return cb != null && !isDestroyed() && mFeatureId < 0 ? cb.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)
                : super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    

Callback就是Window.Callback，Activity实现了这个接口。在Activity的attach函数中，会调用window的setCallback，将Activity设置给Window。所以这里getCallback返回的就是Activity，最终会调用Activity的dispatchTouchEvent。下面看一下Activity的dispatchTouchEvent函数:

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) 
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) 
            onUserInteraction();
        
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) 
            return true;
        
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    

在ACTION_DOWN的时候会调用onUserInteraction方法，然后调用Window（实际上是PhoneWindow)的superDispatchTouchEvent，如果Window的superDispatchTouchEvent消耗了事件，则直接返回，不会调用Activity的onTouchEvent方法。

@Override
public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) 
    return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);

而DecorView的superDispatchTouchEvent为:

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) 
    return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

最终还是调用DecorView的父类的dispatchTouchEvent，DecorView的父类是FrameLayout，它没实现该方法，最终会调用ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent方法。从这里开始就进入了view树的时间派发流程了。

View树的事件派发流程

这里从源码上分析事件派发的一些特性。事件派发最开始会进入到ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent(DecorVIew父类)，下面是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent伪代码的分析，直接在对应的代码部分加了注释：

“`
@Override
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
//一开始做一些调试验证，另外如果事件的目标是focused view,并且当前view就是一个focused view,
//有可能view的子View就会处理这次事件，所以将targetAccessibilityFocus设置为false。
…
boolean handled = false;
if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) 　//检查event是否是安全的
final int action = ev.getAction();
final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

        // Handle an initial down.
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) 
            // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
            // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
            // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
            //清除之前的事件状态。比如说在app切换，ANR或其他状态改变时，系统框架将会去掉up或cancel事件。在这里会将mFirstTouchTarget清空，mFirstTouchTarget是保存了会接受事件的View处理对象。
            cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
            resetTouchState();　//这里会将mGroupFlags的FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT标识清除，
            //1. 每次事件流开始的时候都会先清除FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT，所以子view的requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent只有当次事件流有效。
        

        // 判断是否需要拦截事件，去判断是否拦截事件的条件是此次事件是DOWN事件，或者有子类会处理这次事件(mFirstTouchTarget不为null)，并且FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT没被设置。
        final boolean intercepted;
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                || mFirstTouchTarget != null) 
            final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
            if (!disallowIntercept) 
                //2. 只有有TouchTarget并且没有被disallow，或者是ACTION_DOWN时才会调用onInterceptTouchEvent。
                intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
             else 
                intercepted = false;
            
         else 
            // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
            // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
            intercepted = true;
        

        // If intercepted, start normal event dispatch. Also if there is already
        // a view that is handling the gesture, do normal event dispatch.
        if (intercepted || mFirstTouchTarget != null) 
            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        

        // Check for cancelation.判断是否取消
        final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

        // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
        final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
        TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
        boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
        if (!canceled && !intercepted) 

            // If the event is targeting accessiiblity focus we give it to the
            // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
            // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
            // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
            // state since these events are very rare.
            View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                    ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) 
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                        : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                // have become out of sync.
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) 
                    final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                    final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                    // Find a child that can receive the event.
                    // Scan children from front to back.
                    final ArrayList<View> preorderedList = buildOrderedChildList();
                    final boolean customOrder = preorderedList == null
                            && isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                    final View[] children = mChildren;
                    for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) 
                        final int childIndex = customOrder
                                ? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
                        final View child = (preorderedList == null)
                                ? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);

                        // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it
                        // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a
                        // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is
                        // safer given the timeframe.
                        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) 
                            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) 
                                continue;
                            
                            childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;
                            i = childrenCount - 1;
                        
                        //判断当前的child是否可以接收事件，并且事件是否在当前的view范围
                        if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) 
                            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                            continue;
                        

                        newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                        if (newTouchTarget != null) 
                            // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                            // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                            newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                            break;
                        

                        resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                                    //3.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent会将Event转化为child坐标空间(getX的变化)，然后去除无关的points id，如果有必要更改事件，最后调用child.dispatchTouchEvent。 dispatchTransformedTouchEvent把事件派发给child，如果child成功处理了，则会将child添加到mFirstTouchTarget
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) 
                            // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                            mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                            if (preorderedList != null) 
                                // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index
                                for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) 
                                    if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) 
                                        mLastTouchDownIndex = j;
                                        break;
                                    
                                
                             else 
                                mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                            
                            mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                            mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                            //addTouchTarget会创建新的TouchTarget，并将其加入到mFirstTouchTarget
                            newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                            alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                            break;
                        

                        // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear
                        // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.
                        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
                    
                    if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();
                

                if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) 
                    // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                    // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                    newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                    while (newTouchTarget.next != null) 
                        newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                    
                    newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                
            
        

        //4. 派发事件
        // Dispatch to touch targets.
        if (mFirstTouchTarget == null)  //mFirstTouchTarget为空表示没有子View会处理这次事件，则交给当前的ViewGroup处理。
            // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
            handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                    TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
         else 
            // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
            // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
            TouchTarget predecessor = null;
            TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;　
            while (target != null) //遍历mFirstTouchTarget链表，一个一个地处理TouchTarget。
                final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) //新添加的不会立刻处理，ACTION_DOWN已经在前面派发了
                    handled = true;
                 else 
                    final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                            || intercepted;
                    //dispatchTransformedTouchEvent会将Event转化为child坐标空间(getX的变化)，然后去除无关的points id，如果有必要更改事件，最后调用child.dispatchTouchEvent
                    if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                            target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) 
                        handled = true;
                    
                    if (cancelChild) 
                        if (predecessor == null) 
                            mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                         else 
                            predecessor.next = next;
                        
                        target.recycle();
                        target = next;
                        continue;
                    
                
                predecessor = target;
                target = next;
            
        

        // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
        if (canceled
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) 
            resetTouchState();
         else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) 
            final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
            final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
            removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
        
    

    ... 
    //用于测试的代码

    return handled;

“`

事件派发流程主要集中在这几个方法的调用:
- dispatchTouchEvent 这是事件派发每个View的时候，第一个被调用的方法，如果是ViewGroup，dispatchTouchEvent会先去调用onInterceptTouchEvent是否应该拦截事件，不拦截的话会先从子View中判断是否有处理该次事件的（在ACTION_DOWN中采用mFirstTouchTarget链接保存会处理事件的TouchTarget），如果没有的话则调用当前View的onTouchEvent。
- onInterceptTouchEvent 判断是否应该拦截事件，ViewGroup默认实现是返回false，子View可以调用getParent.requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent()来阻止父View拦截。否则只要有子View可能消费事件，该方法都会被调用。
- onTouchEvent这个方法是在没有子View将会消耗事件时才会被调用，onClickListener，onTouchListener,onLongClickListener都是在这个方法中处理的。如果返回true表示消费这次事件。

对于事件派发流程，我觉得有几个地方需要注意的：
1. 应该把ViewGroup以及它所包含的子View都看作是这个ViewGroup的一部分，对于一个ViewGroup是否会处理一次事件，应该是包含了它的子View是否也处理。
2. 如果整个ViewGroup以及它的子类没有一个View处理ACTION_DOWN事件，那么下一次就不会调用这个ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent。但是如果ACTION_DOWN返回了true，那么下一次事件还是会继续派发到ViewGroup，即使中间某个ACTION_MOVE返回了false。
3. onInterceptTouchEvent是在子View可能会处理该次事件，并且没有被设置FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT才会被调用。正常情况下，它在ACTION_DOWN的时候一定会被调用的，因为在ACTION_DOWN的时候会先调用resetTouchState()。

这个是最近略微改了一下很久之前写的一个模仿QQ邮箱滑动退出写的一个东西:https://github.com/xxxzhi/SlideListener，改的过程发现之前看的东西理解地不够好…

源码是解释很多现象的最根本的原因，阅读源码能够更好地理解事件派发流程，理解地更加深刻。