GIS中的WKB介绍

Posted 2022-12-05 周旭光

GIS中的WKB介绍

WKB的全称是The Well-known Binary，也简称WKB，OGC与ISO/TC211都做出了同样的规范，它是用来几何体的表达。即用连续的二进制流来表达几何体，这样在GIS互操作方面也有好处。现代GIS软件的底层模块中可以说都有关于WKB解析代码。在二进制存储中有大尾端和小尾端之分，通常在二进制流的第一个字节就指定，这样在这个字节之后的字节流就可以按照相应的大小尾端模式进行解析。分大小尾端是为了适应不同平台环境。在一些开源和商业GIS软件中都支持几何体的WKB表示，这样做也是为了异构平台之间互操作。

 

基本块的定义如下，这些基本定义在后面的几何体建模中会用到：

Point

double  x;

double  y

 

PointZ

double  x;

double  y;

double  z

 

PointM

double  x;

double  y;

double  m

 

PointZM

double  x;

double  y;

double  z;

double  m

 

LinearRing

uint32  numPoints;

Point  points[numPoints]

 

LinearRingZ

uint32  numPoints;

PointZ  points[numPoints]

 

LinearRingM

uint32  numPoints;

PointM  points[numPoints]

 

LinearRingZM

uint32  numPoints;

PointZM  points[numPoints]

 

 

//字节序

enum  WKBByteOrder

wkbXDR =0, // 大尾端

wkbNDR =1 // 小尾端

           

 

下面表示几何体的整型的数值，用枚举表示。

enum  WKBGeometryType

wkbPoint  = 1,

wkbLineString  = 2,

wkbPolygon  = 3,

wkbTriangle  = 17

wkbMultiPoint  = 4,

wkbMultiLineString  = 5,

wkbMultiPolygon  = 6,

wkbGeometryCollection  = 7,

wkbPolyhedralSurface  = 15,

wkbTIN  = 16

wkbPointZ  = 1001,

wkbLineStringZ  = 1002,

wkbPolygonZ  = 1003,

wkbTrianglez = 1017

wkbMultiPointZ  = 1004,

wkbMultiLineStringZ  = 1005,

wkbMultiPolygonZ  = 1006,

wkbGeometryCollectionZ  = 1007,

wkbPolyhedralSurfaceZ  = 1015,

wkbTINZ  = 1016

wkbPointM  = 2001,

wkbLineStringM  = 2002,

wkbPolygonM  = 2003,

wkbTriangleM  = 2017

wkbMultiPointM  = 2004,

wkbMultiLineStringM  = 2005,

wkbMultiPolygonM  = 2006,

wkbGeometryCollectionM  = 2007,

wkbPolyhedralSurfaceM  = 2015,

wkbTINM  = 2016

wkbPointZM  = 3001,

wkbLineStringZM  = 3002,

wkbPolygonZM  = 3003,

wkbTriangleZM  = 3017

wkbMultiPointZM  = 3004,

wkbMultiLineStringZM  = 3005,

wkbMultiPolygonZM  = 3006,

wkbGeometryCollectionZM  = 3007,

wkbPolyhedralSurfaceZM  = 3015,

wkbTinZM  = 3016,

 

以下就是各个几何体的定义了。

(1)   点

 

主要包括字节序和几何体类型，接着后面是坐标总共是1+4+16=21个字节

WKBPoint

byte  byteOrder;                        //字节序

static  uint32  wkbType= 1;             //几何体类型

Point  point                             //点的坐标

 

WKBPointZ

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 1001;

PointZ  point

 

WKBPointM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 2001;

PointM  point

 

WKBPointZM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 3001;

PointZM  point

 

（2）线串，即折线

WKBLineString

byte  byteOrder;                               //字节序

static  uint32  wkbType = 2;                    //几何体类型

uint32  numPoints;                                  //点的个数

Point  points[numPoints]                 //点的坐标数组

 

总的字节大小

1+4+4+ numPoints*sizeof(Point)字节

 

WKBLineStringZ

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 1002;

uint32  numPoints;

PointZ  points[numPoints]

 

WKBLineStringM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 2002;

uint32  numPoints;

PointM  points[numPoints]

 

WKBLineStringZM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 3002;

uint32  numPoints;

PointZM  points[numPoints]

 

(2)   多边形

 

所占的字节大小是：1+4+4+ numRings*(4 + LinearRing.numPoints*sizeof(Point))

WKBPolygon

byte  byteOrder;                               //字节序

static  uint32  wkbType= 3;                    //几何体类型

uint32  numRings;                                   //线串的个数

LinearRing rings[numRings]           //线串（环）的数组

 

WKBPolygonZ

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 1003;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingZ  rings[numRings]

 

WKBPolygonM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 2003;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingM  rings[numRings]

 

WKBPolygonZM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 3003;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingZM  rings[numRings]

 

（4）三角形注：当前主流GIS软件中把这个放在TIN中建模

WKBTriangle

byte  byteOrder;                               //字节序

static  uint32  wkbType= 17;                  //几何体的类型

uint32  numRings;                                   //环的个数

LinearRing rings[numRings]           //环的数组

 

WKBTriangleZ

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 1017;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingZ rings[numRings]

 

WKBTriangleM

byte  byteOrder;

Static  uint32  wkbType= 2017;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingM  rings[numRings]

 

WKBTriangleZM

Byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 3017;

uint32  numRings;

LinearRingZM  rings[numRings]

 

(5)多面体表面

WKBPolyhedralSurface

bytebyteOrder;                                        //字节序

staticuint32 wkbType = 15;                       //几何体类型

uint32numPolygons;                                //多边形数目

WKBPolygonpolygons[numPolygons]      //多边形的数组

 

WKBPolyhedralSurfaceZ

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=1015;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBPolyhedralSurfaceM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=2015;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBPolyhedralSurfaceZM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=3015;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

（6）不规则三角网（TIN）貌似一般三角网和矢量数据的几何模型位于同一层次上，所以目前很少看到有GIS软件这样建模的。仅仅是自己的观点

 

WKBTIN

bytebyteOrder;                                               //字节序

staticuint32 wkbType = 16;                              //几何体的类型

uint32numPolygons;                                       //多边形的数目

WKBPolygonpolygons[numPolygons]             //多边形数组

 

WKBTINZ

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=1016;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBTINM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=2016;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBTINZM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType=3016;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

(7)多点

WKBMultiPoint

byte  byteOrder;                               //字节序

staticuint32 wkbType=4;                    //几何体类型

uint32  numPoints;                                  //点的个数

WKBPoint points[numPoints]         //点的数组

 

WKBMultiPointZ

Byte  byteOrder;

Static  uint32  wkbType=1004;

uint32  numPoints;

WKBPointZ  points[numPoints]

 

WKBMultiPointM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType=2004;

uint32  numPoints;

WKBPointM  points[numPoints]

 

WKBMultiPointZM

byte  byteOrder;

Static  uint32  wkbType=3004;

uint32  numPoints;

WKBPointZM  points[numPoints]

 

（8）多线串

WKBMultiLineString

byte  byteOrder;                                                    //字节序

staticuint32 wkbType = 5;                                       //几何体类型

uint32  numLineStrings;                                        //线串的个数

WKBLineString  lineStrings[numLineStrings]         //线串数组

 

WKBMultiLineStringZ

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType= 1005;

uint32  numLineStrings;

WKBLineStringZ  lineStrings[numLineStrings]

 

WKBMultiLineStringM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 2005;

uint32  numLineStrings;

WKBLineStringM  lineStrings[numLineStrings]

 

WKBMultiLineStringZM

byte  byteOrder;

static  uint32  wkbType = 3005;

uint32  numLineStrings;

WKBLineStringZM  lineStrings[numLineStrings]

 

（9）多多边形

WKBMultiPolygon

bytebyteOrder;                                        //字节序

staticuint32 wkbType = 6;                         //几何体类型

uint32numPolygons;                                //多边形数目

WKBPolygonpolygons[numPolygons]      //多边形数组

 

WKBMultiPolygonZ

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType = 1006;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBMultiPolygonM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType = 2006;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

WKBMultiPolygonZM

bytebyteOrder;

staticuint32 wkbType = 3006;

uint32numPolygons;

WKBPolygonZMpolygons[numPolygons]

 

 

 

下图是一个多边形的WKB布局。该图表示这个多边形的WKB存储是小尾端，有两个环，并且两个环的点的个数都是3。