英语句式参考纯享版 - 状语从句

Posted 2022-12-03 we1less

[ 状语从句 ] 

注意：时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果，状语修饰谓语，

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[ 时间状语从句 ]

注意：时间状语可以放在开头，用逗号隔开，也可以放在结尾，注意时态问题 (主将从现)

复合句	从句
一般现在	一般现在
一般将来	一般现在    (主将从现)
一般过去	一般过去

常用从属连词：when / while 当...的时候        as 当...的时候        after ...之后        before ...之前

since 自从        until 直到        as soon as 一...就        once 一旦...

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[ when / while / as ] 有时态规则

注意：注意时态问题，主将从现

① 从句 一般过去时态，复合句 一般过去时态、过去进行时态、过去完成时态、过去将来时态

[ when + 主谓宾 ]

        复合句 一般过去时态，从句 一般过去时态

        When Jeff met a beautiful girl in the supermarket, he got crazy. 

        当杰夫在超市遇到一个漂亮的女孩时，他发疯了

        复合句 过去进行时态，从句 一般过去时态

        He was watching TV when his mother came in.

        当他母亲进来时，他正在看电视

        复合句 过去完成时态，从句 一般过去时态

        When we got to his home, he had left.

        当我们到达他家时，他已经离开了

[ when + 主系表 ]

        When Jeff was young, he was very thin.

        杰夫年轻的时候，他很瘦

[ when + there be ]

        When there were a lot of people in the bus, he lost his wallet.

        当公交车上有很多人时，他的钱包就丢了

[ when + 被动句 ]

        When he was hit by his father last night, he cried loudly.

        昨晚他被父亲打了时，他大声哭了起来

② 主句 一般现在时态，从句 一般现在时态

        When I am free, I always watch TV.

        当我有空的时候，我总是看电视

③ 主句 一般将来时态，从句 一般现在时态

        I will tell him your phone number when I see him.

        我一见到他就告诉他你的电话号码

注意：when 引导的时间状语从句很少出现 过去进行时态、过去完成时态、现在进行时态、现在完成时态，如果是 as 或 while 引导的时间状语从句，可以出现过去进行时态或现在进行时态

[ as / while 使用过去进行时态或现在进行时态 ]

注意：强调从句的谓语动作和复合句的谓语动作几乎同时进行

        As / while I was coming here, I met your brother.

        当我来这里的时候，我遇到了你的哥哥

        Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁

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[ after ...之后 / before ...之前 ] 有时态规则

注意：注意时态问题，主将从现

[ after / before + 主谓宾 ]

        After we found him, he had been on the floor.

        当我们找到他后，他就躺在地板上了

[ after / before + 主系表 ]

        She will marry you after you are rich.        主将从现

        等你有钱了，她就会嫁给你的

[ after / before + there be ]

        We run away before there are too many people here.

        我们在这里的人太多之前就逃跑了

[ after / before + 被动句 ]

        We found he before he was arrested.

        我们在他被捕之前找到了他

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[ since 自从... ] 没有时态规则

注意：since引导的时间状语从句必须使用一般过去时态，其所在的复合句时态必须是完成时态(现在完成时态、过去完成时态、现在完成进行时态)

since 构成的时间状语从句表示延续的时间概念，所以主句的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词

[ since + 主谓宾 ]

        Since she broke up with her boyfriend, she has been sad.

        自从她和男朋友分手后，她一直很伤心

[ since + 主系表 ]

        I have lived in my hometown since she was ten years old.

        我从她十岁起就住在家乡

[ since + there be ]

        Since there was a new teacher here, I have been learning English on line.

        自从这里有了一个新老师，我就一直在网上学习英语

[ since + 被动句 ]

        Since the story was discussed,she has been sad.

        自从这个故事被讨论过后，她就一直很伤心

注意：想用非延续性动词表达 离开家三年了

It has been + 数词 / a,an,one + 表时间的名词 + since + 主语 + 非延续性动词的过去式 + (宾语)

        I has been three years since I left my hometown.

        我离开家乡已经三年了

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[ until 直到... ] 没有时态规则

[ until + 主谓宾 ]

[ until + 主系表 ]

[ until + there be ]

[ until + 被动句 ]

注意：until 引导的时间状语从句的主句如果用了否定结构，是表示肯定意义，相反也一样

        You can't leave until you finish the work.

        完成工作之前不能离开

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[ as soon as 一...就、once 一旦 ] 没有时态规则

[ as soon as / once + 主谓宾 ]

        I will pay your money back as soon as I get my salary.

        我一拿到薪水就还你的钱

[ as soon as / once + 主系表 ]

        As soon as I am her teacher, I will give her some homework.

        我一做她的老师，就给她做一些作业

[ as soon as / once + there be ]

        As soon as there is a chance before me, I will take it.

        只要在我面前有了机会，我就会接受它

[ as soon as / once + 被动句 ]

        Once my book is published, it will be popular.

        我的书一出版，它就会很受欢迎

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[ 地点状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

常用连接副词：where(在哪里)、wherever(无论在哪里) = no matter where

[ wherever + 主谓宾 ]

        Wherever you do business, you should be honest.

        无论你在哪里做生意，你都应该诚实

[ wherever + 主系表 ]

        Wherever you are rich, you should be careful.

        无论你在哪里富有，你都要小心

[ where ]

        Just stay where you are. 

        呆在你现在所在的地方    

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[ 原因状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

注意：because、so 不能连用

常用从属连词：because 因为、so 所以、as 因为、for 因为、since 既然

[ because / so / as / for / since + 主谓宾 ]

        As she likes English, I bought an English book for her as a brithday gift.

        因为她喜欢英语，所以我给她买了一本英语书作为生日礼物

[ because / so / as / for / since + 主系表 ]

        Because the weather was fine, I made some bacon.

        因为天气很好，所以我做了一些熏肉

[ because / so / as / for / since + there be ]

        As there was a car beside my house yesterday, I was angry.

        昨天我家旁边有一辆车，我很生气

[ because / so / as / for / since + 被动句 ]

        Since the work has been finished, I will leave.

        既然工作完成，我就离开

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[ 条件状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

注意：条件状语从句有两种情况

        真实的条件状语：主将从现规则

        虚拟的条件状语从句：虚拟语气

常用从属连词：if 如果、unless 除非、as long as 只要

[ if / unless / as long as + 主谓宾 ]

        As long as you still love me, I will not let you go.

        只要你还爱我，我就不会让你走

        If I find the key, I will tell you at once.

        如果我找到了钥匙，我会马上告诉你的

[ if / unless / as long as + 主系表 ]

        If it is rainy tomorrow, we will cancel the party.

        如果明天要下雨，我们将取消这次聚会

[ if / unless / as long as + there be ]

        Unless there are ten people in the room, I will not write the composition.

        除非房间里有十个人，否则我不会写作文

[ if / unless / as long as + 被动句 ]

        If you  are caught by them, they will kill you.

        如果你被他们抓住了，他们就会杀了你

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[ 方式状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

注意：不常用，方式状语从句只能修饰主谓宾的句型，所以复合句是主谓宾句型

常用连接词：as 按照、just as 正如、as if 好像

[ as / just as / as if + 主谓宾 ]

        Make a model as your teacher told you.

        像你的老师告诉你的那样做一个模特

[ as / just as / as if + 主系表 ] 少见

[ as / just as / as if + 被动句 ]

        The man moved the sofa away as he was told.

        这个人按照吩咐，把沙发移走了

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[ 让步状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

常用连接词：though / although 尽管、even if / even though 即使

[ though / although + 主谓宾 / 主系表 / there be / 被动句 ]

[ even if / even though + 主谓宾 / 主系表 / there be / 被动句 ]

        Though the wather was very cold, he jumped into the river to save the kid without hesitation.

        虽然天气很冷，但他还是毫不犹豫地跳进河里救了那个孩子

如果是even if 引导的让步状语从句，有时有主将从现的规则

        I will not mind even if he doesn't come.

        即使他不来，我也不会介意的。

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[ 目的状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

注意：要存在目的性

常用连接词：that 以便、so that 以便、in order that 为了、lest 以免

[ that / so that / in order that / lest + 主谓宾 ]

        He came to the playground early in order that he could get a good seat.

        他很早来到操场，以便能找个好座位

        Jim didn't answer back lest his father get angry.

        吉姆没有回答，以免让他父亲生气

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[ 结果状语从句 ] 没有时态规则

两种情况：

① so that 引导，表示 以至 的意思，较少

        I didn't go early so that I didn't get a good seat.

        我没有早点去，所以我没有得到一个好座位        结果状语从句

        He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.

        他早早起床，以便能赶上第一辆公共汽车        目的状语从句

② so + 形容词 / 方式副词 + that + 从句，表示 如此...以至...，常见

[ so + 形容词 + that + 主谓宾 ]

        She is so sad that she couldn't eat.

        她很伤心，以至吃不下东西

[ so + 形容词 + that + 主系表 ]

        He is so silent that he is so lonely.

        他如此沉默，以至如此孤独

[ so + 形容词 + that + there be ]

[ so + 形容词 + that + 被动句 ]

        He is so handsome that he is loved by many girls.

        他很英俊，很多女孩都爱着他

[ so + 方式副词 + that + 主谓宾 ]

        He runs so quickly that no one can catch him.

        他跑得太快，没有人能抓住他

[ so + 方式副词 + that + 主系表 ]

[ so + 方式副词 + that + there be ]

[ so + 方式副词 + that + 被动句 ]

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[ 比较状语从句 ]

常用连接词：than 比、as...as 和...一样，not so...as 不如，less...than 不如

注意：比较句是省略的比较状语从句

        I run faster than he.        I run faster than he runs.

        He is as tall as I.        He is as tall as I am tall.

[ The + 形容词或副词比较级(句子)，the + 形容词或副词比较级(句子) ] 越...越...

        ① the + 形容词比较级，the + 另一个形容词比较级

        The faster, the batter        越快越好

        ② the + 形容词比较级 + 主语 + 系动词，the + 另一个形容词比较级 + 主语 + 系动词

        The richer you are, the more dangerous you are.

        你越富有，你就越危险

        ③ the + 形容词比较级 + 主语 + 及物动词，the + 另一个形容词比较级 + 主语 + 及物动词

        The more books you sell, the more money you have.

        你卖的书越多，你所拥有的钱就越多

        ④ the + 方式副词比较级 + 主谓宾，the + 另一个方式副词比较级 + 主谓宾

        The more carefully you check your homework, the less mistakes you make.

        你检查作业越仔细，犯的错误就越少

[ 形容词 / 副词比较级 + and + 同一个形容词 / 副词比较级 ] 越来越...

        ① 作表语：主语 + 系动词 +  形容词比较级 + and + 同一个形容词比较级

        She is becoming more and more beautiful.

        她正变得越来越漂亮了

        You will be richer and richer.

        你会越来越富有

        ② 作方式状语：主谓宾 + 方式副词比较级 + and + 同一个方式副词比较级

        You do homework more and more carefully.

        你做的家庭作业越来越仔细了

        He is running faster and faster.

        他跑得越来越快了