EventBus 源码分析
Posted 吴豪杰
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0. 前言
EventBus
是一款针对android优化的发布/订阅事件总线。主要功能是替代 Intent
, Handler
, BroadCast
在 Fragment
, Activity
, Service
,线程之间传递消息。优点是开销小,代码更优雅,以及将发送者和接收者解耦。此文将对最新的 EventBus 3.0
的源码进行简要的分析。
1. 用法回顾
EventBus 3.0
的用法较之前的版本有所变化,它使用了最近较为流行的注解形式取代以前的 onEvent
开头作为方法名,但使用步骤大致相同,分为三个步骤:
- 注册与反注册
在Activity中的onCreate()
方法中进行EventBus的注册,在onDestroy()
方法中进行取消注册。
// 注册
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
// 取消注册
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
- 订阅
在3.0版本中,使用@Subscribe
注解指定订阅者方法。
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void function(Params p)
- 发布
发布者通过post()
或postSticky()
方法进行发布消息。
EventBus.getDefault().post(new Params());
注意:
1. 注册类经笔者测试,必须要是Activity才可以
2. 订阅者方法可见性不能为private
2. 从注册入手
2.1 单例
调用 getDefault()
方法可以获取到一个全局的单例对象, 这里采用的是 饿汉式
单例设计模式:
public static EventBus getDefault()
if (defaultInstance == null)
synchronized (EventBus.class)
if (defaultInstance == null)
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
return defaultInstance;
2.2 构造方法
单例模式维持了一个唯一的对象,那这个对象包含那些东西呢?接下来让我们看看构造方法:
EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder)
subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
mainThreadPoster = new HandlerPoster(this, Looper.getMainLooper(), 10);
backgroundPoster = new BackgroundPoster(this);
asyncPoster = new AsyncPoster(this);
indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
logSubscriberExceptions = builder.logSubscriberExceptions;
logNoSubscriberMessages = builder.logNoSubscriberMessages;
sendSubscriberExceptionEvent = builder.sendSubscriberExceptionEvent;
sendNoSubscriberEvent = builder.sendNoSubscriberEvent;
throwSubscriberException = builder.throwSubscriberException;
eventInheritance = builder.eventInheritance;
executorService = builder.executorService;
首先是三张 HashMap
,用来存储订阅信息;然后,有创建了三个 Poster
,这就是用来反馈到订阅者所用的。
2.3 注册订阅
public void register(Object subscriber)
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this)
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods)
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
首先获取订阅类的字节码,然后通过 findSubscriberMethods(...)
方法获取订阅类中包含订阅注解的所有方法,最后将这些方法通过 subscribe()
来实现订阅。
2.4 获取注解方法
为了提高性能,先经过一层存放方法的缓存区,如果缓存区有数据,这直接从缓冲区中获取,没有的话才通过反射机制获取方法,同时将获取到的方法存放一份到缓存区。
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass)
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
...
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
...
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
如果没有缓存数据,则通过反射查找所有包含 @Subscribe
注解的方法, findUsingReflection()
方法会查找继承关系中所有包含注解的方法:
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass)
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null)
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
findState.moveToSuperclass();
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
具体的查找过程代码如下:
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState)
...
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
...
for (Method method : methods)
...
// 获取 `@Subscribe` 注解
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
if (subscribeAnnotation != null)
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType))
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode, subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
...
...
代码比较长,大体思路就是先通过字节码利用反射获取所有方法,然后遍历查找包含注解的方法,在检查合法性后添加到 findState.subscriberMethods
列表,列表定义如下:
static class FindState
final List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<>();
final Map<Class, Object> anyMethodByEventType = new HashMap<>();
final Map<String, Class> subscriberClassByMethodKey = new HashMap<>();
...
至此,订阅者的方法就找到了,回到 register()
方法,了解下一步的操作。
public void register(Object subscriber)
...
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods)
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
哈哈,很明显,接下来就是把包含注解的所有方法进行订阅。
3. 订阅
3.1 存放订阅信息
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod)
...
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
...
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
...
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
if (subscriberMethod.sticky)
...
// 获取事件
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
订阅方法中分为两种,一种是立即推送,它被添加至 subscriptions
列表中保存,还有一种 sticky
模式,笔者理解的就是延迟模式,它就调用 checkPostStickyEventToSubscription()
方法。我们先来看后者:
private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent)
if (stickyEvent != null)
postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
这里调用了 postToSubscription()
方法,带有三个参数,分别是包含订阅者方法的订阅信息包装类、延迟事件、是否为主线程。笔者这里想说下第三个参数, Looper.getMainLooper()
方法返回的是主线程的Looper对象,Looper.myLooper()
返回的是当前线程的Looper对象,所以判断这两个Looper对象是否相等就可以判断当前线程是否为主线程了,是不是很巧妙呢!好了,继续前进去看看 postToSubscription()
方法。
3.2 提交订阅
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread)
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode)
case POSTING: // 同一个线程调用
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN: // 主线程调用
if (isMainThread)
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
else
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
case BACKGROUND: // 后台线程调用
if (isMainThread)
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
else
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case ASYNC: // 异步线程调用
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
提交订阅也是可以大致分为两种,直接调用或者放入构造方法中提到的 Poster
。
3.2.1 直接调用
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event)
try
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
直接使用 Method#invoke()
方法调用即可,不多说。
3.2.2 Poster方式
Poster
有三个,原理都基本一致的,这里就以 mainThreadPoster
来说就好,其它两个就靠读者举一反三了:)
private final PendingPostQueue queue;
void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event)
PendingPost pendingPost = PendingPost.obtainPendingPost(subscription, event);
synchronized (this)
queue.enqueue(pendingPost);
if (!handlerActive)
handlerActive = true;
if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage()))
throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
首先,通过 PendingPost.obtainPendingPost()
获取到一个 PendingPost
对象,其包含:
private PendingPost(Object event, Subscription subscription)
this.event = event;
this.subscription = subscription;
然后将其放在存放 PendingPost
的 PendingPostQueue
队列中,并且将标志位 handlerActive
激活。
final class HandlerPoster extends Handler
void enqueue(Subscription subscription, Object event) ...
public void handleMessage(Message msg) ...
最后利用Handler机制,调用 sendMessage(obtainMessage())
发送消息,传递到 handleMessage()
中对消息进行处理。
3.3 取出消息
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
boolean rescheduled = false;
try
long started = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
while (true)
PendingPost pendingPost = queue.poll();
if (pendingPost == null)
synchronized (this)
// 双重检查
pendingPost = queue.poll();
// 如果没有 pendingPost ,则消息处理完毕,退出
if (pendingPost == null)
handlerActive = false;
return;
// 执行
eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost);
long timeInMethod = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - started;
if (timeInMethod >= maxMillisInsideHandleMessage)
if (!sendMessage(obtainMessage()))
throw new EventBusException("Could not send handler message");
rescheduled = true;
return;
finally
handlerActive = rescheduled;
取消息通过循环来取,然后调用 eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost)
处理消息,另外,如果处理超时,还会重新执行 sendMessage(obtainMessage())
以重试。
3.4 调用订阅者
接下来看 eventBus.invokeSubscriber(pendingPost)
方法:
void invokeSubscriber(PendingPost pendingPost)
Object event = pendingPost.event;
Subscription subscription = pendingPost.subscription;
PendingPost.releasePendingPost(pendingPost);
if (subscription.active)
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event)
try
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
思路就是对 pendingPost
解包,取出 subscription
,然后调用其中的方法。但是现在队列中并没有消息,所以上述还不会执行,我们得通过发布者发布消息后才能取出消息执行。
4. 发布者
4.1 发布事件
public void post(Object event)
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
// 添加事件
eventQueue.add(event);
if (!postingState.isPosting)
postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled)
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
try
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty())
// 执行事件
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
finally
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
该方法中,先是获取到事件队列,然后将参数放入队列,刷新 postingState
后执行事件。
4.2 提交事件
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
if (eventInheritance)
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++)
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
else
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
if (!subscriptionFound)
if (logNoSubscriberMessages)
Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class)
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
大体就是获取到事件类型,然后调用 postSingleEventForEventType()
方法:
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass)
...
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions)
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
...
同样,先要刷新 postingState
状态,然后调用 postToSubscription()
方法,这个方法是不是有点熟悉呢?
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread)
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode)
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread)
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
else
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread)
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
else
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
对,这又回到了前文中的提交订阅部分了,之后 Poster
取出消息,传递消息,调用订阅者。
5. 总结
EventBus
作为安卓消息传递中的一大神器,单凭笔者这篇博文也是分析不透的,不过希望读者阅读此文后能有一个初步的印象,了解具体的流程,对以后的开发工作有所帮助。
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