sqlserver数据库如何快速查看表结构sql

Posted 2022-12-01 格子衫111

有时候，我们熟悉一个新系统，首先就需要熟悉其数据库的各个表结构。这时候，其实我们可以通过一个SQL清晰的查看表结构。

SQL如下：

SELECT
CASE
		
	WHEN
		col.colorder = 1 THEN
			obj.name ELSE '' 
			END AS 表名,
		col.colorder AS 序号 ,
		col.name AS 列名 ,
		ISNULL( ep.[value], '' ) AS 列说明 ,
		t.name AS 数据类型 ,
		col.length AS 长度 ,
		ISNULL( COLUMNPROPERTY( col.id, col.name, 'Scale' ), 0 ) AS 小数位数 ,
	CASE
			
			WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( col.id, col.name, 'IsIdentity' ) = 1 THEN
			'√' ELSE '' 
		END AS 标识 ,
	CASE
			
			WHEN EXISTS (
			SELECT
				1 
			FROM
				dbo.sysindexes si
				INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id 
				AND si.indid = sik.indid
				INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id 
				AND sc.colid = sik.colid
				INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name 
				AND so.xtype = 'PK' 
			WHERE
				sc.id = col.id 
				AND sc.colid = col.colid 
				) THEN
				'√' ELSE '' 
			END AS 主键 ,
		CASE
				
				WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN
				'√' ELSE '' 
			END AS 允许空 ,
			ISNULL( comm.text, '' ) AS 默认值 
		FROM
			dbo.syscolumns col
			LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
			INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id 
			AND obj.xtype = 'U' 
			AND obj.status >= 0
			LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
			LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id 
			AND col.colid = ep.minor_id 
			AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'
			LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id 
			AND epTwo.minor_id = 0 
			AND epTwo.name = 'MS_Description' 
	WHERE
	obj.name IN ( 'order_info' ) -- 表名order_info;

在末尾，替换自己的表名即可，

在sqlSever运行后，可看到效果如下，

然后将查询结果进行复制或导出，就可以方便的在excel中查看啦