Android系统加载Apk文件的时机和流程分析--Android 4.4.4 r1的源码
Posted Fly20141201
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本文博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/QQ1084283172/article/details/80982869
android系统在启动时安装应用程序的过程,这些应用程序安装好之后,还需要有一个Home应用程序来负责把它们在桌面上展示出来,在Android系统中,这个默认的Home应用程序就是Launcher了。Android系统的Home应用程序Launcher是由ActivityManagerService启动的,而ActivityManagerService和PackageManagerService一样,都是在开机时由SystemServer组件启动的,SystemServer组件首先是启动PackageManagerServic,由它来负责安装系统的应用程序,系统中的应用程序安装好了以后,SystemServer组件接下来就要通过ActivityManagerService来启动Home应用程序Launcher了,Launcher在启动的时候便会通过PackageManagerServic把系统中已经安装好的应用程序以快捷图标的形式展示在桌面上,这样用户就可以使用这些应用程序了。
上面这段内容,摘自老罗博客《Android系统默认Home应用程序(Launcher)的启动过程源代码分析》,有关点击Android系统的Home界面上的Android应用程序的图标启动Android应用的流程和原理,可以参考老罗的这篇博客。
Android应用程序的启动是一个非常复杂的流程,涉及到的Android系统的服务和底层的知识也不比较多,这里只学习一下Android系统是在什么时机加载Apk文件的,简单的了解一下Android系统加载Apk文件的流程,后面我会研究一下Xposed多dex的Hook问题。
在创建Android应用程序的进程时,指定了该进程的入口是ActivityThread的main方法,此时便进入启动Android应用程序的Activity的第4个阶段:加载应用程序的Activity。Android系统加载Apk文件,调试模式等待调试,Android应用程序的类Application实例的创建、attach方法和onCreate方法的被调用都是在这个阶段。
1.ActivityThread.main
加载Android应用程序Activity阶段的第一步工作由ActivityThread.main完成,代码如下:
源码路径:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
在ActivityThread.main方法中,首先设置临时进程名为<pre-initialized>,准备UI主线程的消息循环,然后创建应用程序的主线程ActivityThread,并调用其attach方法,设置传入参数为false,最后进入主线程的消息循环。
2.ActivityThread.attach
加载Android应用程序Activity阶段的第二步工作由ActivityThread.attach完成,代码如下:
中间的无关代码省略......
在函数ActivityThread.attach中,当传入参数为true时,对应Android系统的system进程的处理流程,此处传入的参数false,对应普通Android应用进程的处理流程。函数ActivityThread.attach首先设置DDMS中显示的临时进程名<pre-initialized>和userId,然后调用ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication方法,传入该方法的参数mAppThread是在创建ActivityThread实例对象时,初始化为ApplicationThread实例对象的,该实例对象是一个Binder接口,ActivityManagerService便是通过ApplicationThread跨进程调度应用程序进程的。
3.ActivityManagerService.attachApplication
加载Android应用程序Activity阶段的第三步工作是由ActivityManagerProxy.attachApplication方法通过Binder通信,进而调用ActivityManagerService的同名方法来完成attach操作的,这里直接分析ActivityManagerService.attachApplication方法,代码如下:
源码路径:/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
在attachApplication中获取到调用者的Pid后,将请求转发给attachApplicationLocked方法进行处理,代码如下:
省略中间无关的代码......
省略中间无关的代码......
ActivityManagerService接收到Android应用程序进程的attach通知后,便会为将要启动的应用程序进程执行以下操作:在mPidsSelfLocked中查找到该Android应用进程的ProcessRecord信息并进一步进行相关参数变量的赋值和设置,在ActivityManagerService消息队列中删除启动应用程序是添加的PROC_START_TIMEOUT_MSG消息,然后紧接着调用类方法thread.bindApplication进入第四步操作,最终调用的是ApplicationThread.bindApplication方法。
4.ApplicationThread.bindApplication
加载Android应用程序Activity阶段的第四步工作是ApplicationThread.bindApplication完成的,代码如下:
源码的路径:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
ApplicationThread.bindApplication将ActivityManagerService传入的数据封装到AppBindData中,然后将AppBindData数据通过BIND_APPLICATION消息发送给Android应用程序主线程的消息循环中,由ActivityThread的 H.handleMessage 处理,代码如下:
H会根据传入的消息类型,匹配switch代码块的BIND_APPLICATION消息类型分支,获取AppBindData数据,进而调用handleBindApplication方法。
5.ActivityThread.handleBindApplication
加载Android应用程序Activity阶段的第五步工作是调用 ActivityThread.handleBindApplication 方法,代码如下:
省略中间的无关代码......
省略中间的无关代码......
省略中间的无关代码......
ActivityThread.handleBindApplication方法的主要工作如下:
1).为Android应用程序设置显示的进程名称。
2).为低内存设备禁用硬件加速。
3).创建应用程序对应的Application,并设置该Android应用进程的初始Application。
4).安装ContentProvider(可见ContentProvider的创建先于其他Android组件)。
5).执行Instrumentation的onCreate方法。
6).执行Application的onCreate方法。
// 在apk程序的Activity显示之前执行的代码
private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data)
// 获取data传进来的数据并处理保存到相应的描述结构体中
mBoundApplication = data;
mConfiguration = new Configuration(data.config);
mCompatConfiguration = new Configuration(data.config);
mProfiler = new Profiler();
mProfiler.profileFile = data.initProfileFile;
mProfiler.profileFd = data.initProfileFd;
mProfiler.autoStopProfiler = data.initAutoStopProfiler;
// send up app name; do this *before* waiting for debugger
// 设置Android应用进程的显示名称
Process.setArgV0(data.processName);
// 设置Android应用进程在DDMS中显示的名称
android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName(data.processName,
UserHandle.myUserId());
// 硬件加速需要消耗较大内存,禁止persistent应用在低内存设备上使用硬件加速
if (data.persistent)
// Persistent processes on low-memory devices do not get to
// use hardware accelerated drawing, since this can add too much
// overhead to the process.
if (!ActivityManager.isHighEndGfx())
HardwareRenderer.disable(false);
if (mProfiler.profileFd != null)
mProfiler.startProfiling();
// If the app is Honeycomb MR1 or earlier, switch its AsyncTask
// implementation to use the pool executor. Normally, we use the
// serialized executor as the default. This has to happen in the
// main thread so the main looper is set right.
if (data.appInfo.targetSdkVersion <= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB_MR1)
AsyncTask.setDefaultExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
/*
* Before spawning a new process, reset the time zone to be the system time zone.
* This needs to be done because the system time zone could have changed after the
* the spawning of this process. Without doing this this process would have the incorrect
* system time zone.
*/
TimeZone.setDefault(null);
/*
* Initialize the default locale in this process for the reasons we set the time zone.
*/
Locale.setDefault(data.config.locale);
/*
* Update the system configuration since its preloaded and might not
* reflect configuration changes. The configuration object passed
* in AppBindData can be safely assumed to be up to date
*/
mResourcesManager.applyConfigurationToResourcesLocked(data.config, data.compatInfo);
mCurDefaultDisplayDpi = data.config.densityDpi;
applyCompatConfiguration(mCurDefaultDisplayDpi);
///
// LoadedApk info;
// 对Android应用的dex文件进行加载返回LoadedApk实例对象
data.info = getPackageInfoNoCheck(data.appInfo, data.compatInfo);
///
/**
* Switch this process to density compatibility mode if needed.
*/
if ((data.appInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_SCREEN_DENSITIES)
== 0)
mDensityCompatMode = true;
Bitmap.setDefaultDensity(DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT);
updateDefaultDensity();
// 创建并初始化Android应用程序的Context
final ContextImpl appContext = new ContextImpl();
// 使用info的数据对Android应用程序的ContextImpl进行初始化
appContext.init(data.info, null, this);
if (!Process.isIsolated())
// cacheDir的路径为/data/data/Android应用包名/cache
final File cacheDir = appContext.getCacheDir();
if (cacheDir != null)
// 临时文件目录
// Provide a usable directory for temporary files
System.setProperty("java.io.tmpdir", cacheDir.getAbsolutePath());
setupGraphicsSupport(data.info, cacheDir);
else
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to setupGraphicsSupport due to missing cache directory");
/**
* For system applications on userdebug/eng builds, log stack
* traces of disk and network access to dropbox for analysis.
*/
if ((data.appInfo.flags &
(ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM |
ApplicationInfo.FLAG_UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP)) != 0)
StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging();
/**
* For apps targetting SDK Honeycomb or later, we don't allow
* network usage on the main event loop / UI thread.
*
* Note to those grepping: this is what ultimately throws
* NetworkOnMainThreadException ...
*/
if (data.appInfo.targetSdkVersion > 9)
StrictMode.enableDeathOnNetwork();
// 判断Android应用是否打开调试模式
if (data.debugMode != IApplicationThread.DEBUG_OFF)
// XXX should have option to change the port.
Debug.changeDebugPort(8100);
if (data.debugMode == IApplicationThread.DEBUG_WAIT)
Slog.w(TAG, "Application " + data.info.getPackageName()
+ " is waiting for the debugger on port 8100...");
IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();
try
mgr.showWaitingForDebugger(mAppThread, true);
catch (RemoteException ex)
// 调试模式运行app并调试等待
Debug.waitForDebugger();
try
// Android程序调试模式启动的提示
mgr.showWaitingForDebugger(mAppThread, false);
catch (RemoteException ex)
else
Slog.w(TAG, "Application " + data.info.getPackageName()
+ " can be debugged on port 8100...");
// Enable OpenGL tracing if required
if (data.enableOpenGlTrace)
GLUtils.setTracingLevel(1);
// Allow application-generated systrace messages if we're debuggable.
boolean appTracingAllowed = (data.appInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_DEBUGGABLE) != 0;
Trace.setAppTracingAllowed(appTracingAllowed);
/**
* Initialize the default http proxy in this process for the reasons we set the time zone.
*/
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
if (b != null)
// In pre-boot mode (doing initial launch to collect password), not
// all system is up. This includes the connectivity service, so don't
// crash if we can't get it.
IConnectivityManager service = IConnectivityManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
try
ProxyProperties proxyProperties = service.getProxy();
Proxy.setHttpProxySystemProperty(proxyProperties);
catch (RemoteException e)
// 此处data.instrumentationName为null
// 对应AndroidManifest.xml的Instrumentation
if (data.instrumentationName != null)
InstrumentationInfo ii = null;
try
ii = appContext.getPackageManager().
getInstrumentationInfo(data.instrumentationName, 0);
catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e)
if (ii == null)
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to find instrumentation info for: "
+ data.instrumentationName);
mInstrumentationAppDir = ii.sourceDir;
mInstrumentationAppLibraryDir = ii.nativeLibraryDir;
mInstrumentationAppPackage = ii.packageName;
mInstrumentedAppDir = data.info.getAppDir();
mInstrumentedAppLibraryDir = data.info.getLibDir();
ApplicationInfo instrApp = new ApplicationInfo();
instrApp.packageName = ii.packageName;
instrApp.sourceDir = ii.sourceDir;
instrApp.publicSourceDir = ii.publicSourceDir;
instrApp.dataDir = ii.dataDir;
instrApp.nativeLibraryDir = ii.nativeLibraryDir;
// 得到Android应用dex文件加载后的LoadedApk实例
LoadedApk pi = getPackageInfo(instrApp, data.compatInfo,
appContext.getClassLoader(), false, true);
ContextImpl instrContext = new ContextImpl();
instrContext.init(pi, null, this);
try
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = instrContext.getClassLoader();
mInstrumentation = (Instrumentation)
cl.loadClass(data.instrumentationName.getClassName()).newInstance();
catch (Exception e)
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate instrumentation "
+ data.instrumentationName + ": " + e.toString(), e);
mInstrumentation.init(this, instrContext, appContext,
new ComponentName(ii.packageName, ii.name), data.instrumentationWatcher,
data.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection);
if (mProfiler.profileFile != null && !ii.handleProfiling
&& mProfiler.profileFd == null)
mProfiler.handlingProfiling = true;
File file = new File(mProfiler.profileFile);
file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
Debug.startMethodTracing(file.toString(), 8 * 1024 * 1024);
else
// AndroidManifest.xml未指定构建Instrumentation,创建默认值
mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation();
if ((data.appInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_LARGE_HEAP) != 0)
dalvik.system.VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
// Allow disk access during application and provider setup. This could
// block processing ordered broadcasts, but later processing would
// probably end up doing the same disk access.
final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy savedPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskWrites();
try
// If the app is being launched for full backup or restore, bring it up in
// a restricted environment with the base application class.
// 创建Android应用的Application类对象的实例并调用其attach方法
// 间接通过调用attach方法调用Android应用的attachBaseContext方法
Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
// 在类ActivityThread的成员变量mInitialApplication中保存创建的Application类对象实例(3)
// 将第1个Application视为进程的初始化Application
mInitialApplication = app;
// don't bring up providers in restricted mode; they may depend on the
// app's custom Application class
if (!data.restrictedBackupMode)
// 获取当前Android应用的ContentProvider
List<ProviderInfo> providers = data.providers;
if (providers != null)
// 安装该Android应用程序的ContentProvider
installContentProviders(app, providers);
// For process that contains content providers, we want to
// ensure that the JIT is enabled "at some point".
mH.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(H.ENABLE_JIT, 10*1000);
// Do this after providers, since instrumentation tests generally start their
// test thread at this point, and we don't want that racing.
try
// 调用Instrumentationde的OnCreate方法
mInstrumentation.onCreate(data.instrumentationArgs);
catch (Exception e)
throw new RuntimeException(
"Exception thrown in onCreate() of "
+ data.instrumentationName + ": " + e.toString(), e);
try
// 调用Application实例对象的OnCreate方法
mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
catch (Exception e)
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(app, e))
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
finally
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(savedPolicy);
以上步骤执行完毕标志着启动Android应用程序加载Activity的阶段结束,后面的步骤就是进行Activity的显示,暂时不讨论,有必要再研究。我在这里只关注上面标注的3个代码点的位置。上面的代码分析很多参考了《Android的设计与实现 卷I》(作者杨云君)这本书,虽然这本书的作者写的内容对学习Android逆向的同学来说很有帮助,但是感觉作者很多地方分析的不是很详细,要是能说的更明白一点就好了,老罗的博客相对来说就讲的细致和明白一些。
未完待续,后面再写篇博客详细分析这3个重要代码点的位置,因为这3个位置的代码涉及到Android的加固原理、Android的多dex加载原理以及Xposed Hook的多dex问题的理解~
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