k8s 安装 kubernetes-dashboard-2.X

Posted 2022-11-27 笨小孩@GF 知行合一

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安装使用 k8s 原生的 web 图形化界面来对资源进行查看与管理
在官网查看镜像版本
Docker Hub
所有工作节点拉取镜像
docker pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.4.0
docker pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:latest
获取官方yaml
Web 界面 (Dashboard) | Kubernetes

编辑 yaml
mv recommended.yaml kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
vim kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  type: NodePort

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.4.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: 
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:latest
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir:

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

打开浏览器访问：https://192.168.1.30:31168/

通过管理员 Token 登陆 dashboard
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:kubernetes-dashboard
获取 token
复制到输入 token 处：点登陆

通过普通权限 token 令牌登录 dashboard
1.创建一个只能管理指定名称空间的 token
以下步骤在 k8s 的控制节点操作
（1）在 lucky 命名空间创建一个 lucky 的 serviceaccount 账户
kubectl create namespace lucky
kubectl create serviceaccount lucky-admin -n lucky
（2）把 lucky 用户做 rolebingding 绑定
kubectl create rolebinding lucky-admin -n lucky --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=lucky:lucky-admin
（3）查看 secret
kubectl get secrets -n lucky 显示如下：
kubectl describe secrets -n lucky lucky-admin-token-ctbtl 显示如下:

上面的 token 输入到 web 界面的令牌认证处，登陆之后只能看到 lucky 的命名空间

通过 kubeconfig 登录 dashboard
把 token 令牌封装成 kubeconfig，通过 kubeconfig 登陆 dashboard
1.创建一个只能管理指定名称空间的 kubeconfig 文件
以下步骤在 k8s 的 master 节点操作
cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
（1）创建 cluster
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=./ca.crt --server="https://192.168.1.30:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/luckyadmin.conf
（2）创建 credentials 时需要使用上面我门创建的 token 信息
kubectl get secret -n lucky
DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret lucky-admin-token-ctbtl -n lucky -o jsonpath=.data.token|base64 -d)
（3）开始创建 credentials
kubectl config set-credentials lucky --token=$DEF_NS_ADMIN_TOKEN --kubeconfig=/root/lucky-admin.conf
（4）创建 context
kubectl config set-context lucky@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=lucky --kubeconfig=/root/lucky-admin.conf
（5）切换 context 的 current-context 是 lucky@kubernetes
kubectl config use-context lucky@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/lucky-admin.conf
（6）把刚才的 kubeconfig 文件 lucky-admin.conf 复制到桌面
浏览器访问时使用 kubeconfig 认证，把刚才的 lucky-admin.conf 导入到 web 界面，那么就可以登陆了

限制用户操作 k8s 资源
ssl 认证
生成一个证书
（1）生成一个私钥
cd /etc/kubernetes/pki/
(umask 077; openssl genrsa -out lucky.key 2048)
（2）生成一个证书请求
openssl req -new -key lucky.key -out lucky.csr -subj "/CN=lucky"
（3）生成一个证书
openssl x509 -req -in lucky.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out lucky.crt -days 3650
在 kubeconfig 下新增加一个 lucky 这个用户
（1）把 lucky 这个用户添加到 kubernetes 集群中，可以用来认证 apiserver 的连接
kubectl config set-credentials lucky --client-certificate=./lucky.crt --client-key=./lucky.key --embed-certs=true
（2）在 kubeconfig 下新增加一个 lucky 这个账号
kubectl config set-context lucky@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=lucky
（3）切换账号到 lucky，默认没有任何权限
kubectl config use-context lucky@kubernetes
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes 这个是集群用户，有任何权限
把 user 这个用户通过 rolebinding 绑定到 clusterrole 上，授予权限,权限只是在 lucky 这个名称
空间有效
（1）把 lucky 这个用户通过 rolebinding 绑定到 clusterrole 上
kubectl create rolebinding lucky -n lucky --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=lucky
（2）切换到 lucky 这个用户
kubectl config use-context lucky@kubernetes
（3）测试是否有权限
kubectl get pods -n lucky
有权限操作这个名称空间
kubectl get pods
没有权限操作其他名称空间

添加一个 lucky 的普通用户
useradd lucky
cp -ar /root/.kube/ /home/lucky/
chown -R lucky.lucky /home/lucky/
su - lucky
kubectl get pods -n lucky
#可以操作 lucky 名称空间
exit
#切换到 kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes

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