docker网络通讯及容器卷通信卷！
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docker网络通讯及容器卷通信卷
一.docker网络模式
1.docker容器的虚拟网关
（1）loopback
回环网卡、TCP/IP网卡是否生效
（2）virtual bridge
linux自身继承了一个虚拟化功能(kvm架构)，是原生架构的一个虚拟化平台，安装了一个虚拟化平台之后就会系统就会自动安装虚拟网卡
(示例:安装workstation ( 虚拟化平台)之后，会在网络适配器中会多出VMnet1、VMnet8、VMnet0)
（3）docker 0
容器的网关，绑定物理网卡，负责做NAT地址转换、端口映射；docker0本身也是一种容器
（4）veth对
一组虚拟设备，用户连接两个不同的名称空间；宿主机内就是veth
2.docker的4种网络模式
（1）Host模式
net=host；容器和宿主机共享Network namespace(网络名称空间/网络协议栈)
（2）Container模式
net=container:NAME or ID；多个容器共享一 个Network namespace 。
（3）None模式
net=none；容器有独立的Network namespace,但并没有对其进行任何网络设置，如分配veth pair和网桥连接，配置IP等(自闭空间)
（4）Bridge模式
net=bridge(默认为该模式);默认模式通过Veth对连接容器与docker0网桥，网桥分配给容器IP，同时docker 0作为“局域网”内容器的网关，最后和宿主机网卡进行通讯
以上不需要动手配置，真正需要配置的是自定义网络
3.docker自定义网络
（1）查看网络列表
[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
9477282009db bridge bridge local
7f91145d9494 host host local
24131737de22 none null local
（2）查看容器
docker inspect 镜像id 查看镜像状态
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat test d6598c118ba0 2 days ago 599MB
nginx new 8cc8975756f1 2 days ago 681MB
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 8 days ago 133MB
centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 10 months ago 204MB
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name centos centos:7 /bin/bash
378fe5ac181efae8fc5e0dfad3729f834f4c41b89e82f12afb4fb97c3d1e92af
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
378fe5ac181e centos:7 "/bin/bash" 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds centos
e2fe9ef4b577 tomcat:test "/usr/local/src/tomc…" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49154->8080/tcp, :::49154->8080/tcp cool_hermann
9639ed027de8 nginx:new "/bin/sh -c nginx" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp wizardly_maxwell
[root@docker ~]# docker exec centos ps aux #使用exec执行命令
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.1 0.0 11828 1656 pts/0 Ss+ 17:32 0:00 /bin/bash
root 16 0.0 0.0 51732 1704 ? Rs 17:33 0:00 ps aux
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[root@docker ~]# docker inspect centos #使用指定的名称查看容器
（3）自定义网络固定ip
–network：指定网络类型
–ip：指定ip地址
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name test1 --network bridge --ip 172.17.0.10 centos:latest /bin/bash
97ea02cf3fad266e746969fbb502949bf705c0e1b040675d78e46e7ccfe95bdc
docker: Error response from daemon: user specified IP address is supported on user defined networks only.
这种方式会报错：只能遵守默认的分配地址方式；无法指定
① 先自定义网络模式
[root@docker ~]# docker network create --subnet=172.18.0.0/16 mynetwork
8ec784189c9a83bb6eb4ab6bc01128e86e297f5867659b96cd1f7d03f175d936
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
9477282009db bridge bridge local
7f91145d9494 host host local
8ec784189c9a mynetwork bridge local
24131737de22 none null local
② 加入指定ip
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name centos-2 --net mynetwork --ip 172.18.0.10 centos:latest /bin/bash
70daaad53f1c589972ff6bf2c583c4345dc984dbf0e0b0efcda74cd1562d3aae
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect centos-2
（4）暴露端口
查询虽然有80端口但是无法打开网页
① -p 指定端口
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd -p 444:80 nginx /bin/bash
cf5d03c5220cc04e4b5da89d55ec9eabcc63ad47536c778112ad5fa1ec2616bf
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
cf5d03c5220c nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds 0.0.0.0:444->80/tcp, :::444->80/tcp loving_dijkstra
6245e722475b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 80/tcp friendly_morse
70daaad53f1c centos:latest "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes centos-2
97ea02cf3fad centos:latest "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Created test1
27dba7291477 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Created centos-3
378fe5ac181e centos:7 "/bin/bash" 38 minutes ago Up 38 minutes centos
e2fe9ef4b577 tomcat:test "/usr/local/src/tomc…" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49154->8080/tcp, :::49154->8080/tcp cool_hermann
9639ed027de8 nginx:new "/bin/sh -c nginx" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp wizardly_maxwell
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker run nginx:latest /bin/bash
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[root@docker ~]# docker exec cf5d03c5220c nginx
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 7#7: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 7#7: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 7#7: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 7#7: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 7#7: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 13#13: start worker processes
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 14
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 15
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 16
2021/09/11 18:13:45 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 17
运行并启动nginx
查看网:192.168.206.188:444
② -P 随机端口
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd -P nginx /bin/bash
00f5572ea156c091d86670aa395cd2dac790d8e51fcfa70d2353bb15e20aa2c9
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
00f5572ea156 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:49155->80/tcp, :::49155->80/tcp goofy_agnesi
956491cfd9fd nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago condescending_panini
cf5d03c5220c nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:444->80/tcp, :::444->80/tcp loving_dijkstra
6245e722475b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 80/tcp friendly_morse
70daaad53f1c centos:latest "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes centos-2
97ea02cf3fad centos:latest "/bin/bash" 19 minutes ago Created test1
27dba7291477 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Created centos-3
378fe5ac181e centos:7 "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Up 44 minutes centos
e2fe9ef4b577 tomcat:test "/usr/local/src/tomc…" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49154->8080/tcp, :::49154->8080/tcp cool_hermann
9639ed027de8 nginx:new "/bin/sh -c nginx" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp, :::49153->80/tcp wizardly_maxwell
[root@docker ~]# docker exec 00f5572ea156 nginx
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 7#7: using the "epoll" event method
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 7#7: nginx/1.21.1
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 7#7: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 7#7: OS: Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 7#7: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 13#13: start worker processes
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 14
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 15
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 16
2021/09/11 18:17:24 [notice] 13#13: start worker process 17
[root@docker ~]#
查看网页192.168.206.188：49155
（5）在宿主机环境运行容器命令
docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash -c ‘nginx’
docker exec 容器ID/容器 name 执行的命令
二.docker数据卷
1.数据卷
数据卷是一个提供容器使用的特殊目录
创建数据卷
docker run -d -v /data1 -v /data2 --name web httpd:centos
挂载主机目录作为数据卷
docker run -d -v /var/www:/data1 --name web-1 httpd:centos
实例查看验证
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat test d6598c118ba0 2 days ago 599MB
nginx new 8cc8975756f1 2 days ago 681MB
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 8 days ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 9 months ago 209MB
centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 10 months ago 204MB
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
[root@docker ~]# docker run -v /var/www:/data1 -v /var/html:/data2 -it --name centos-v4 centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@7d431361b5ef /]# cd /data1
[root@7d431361b5ef data1]# ls
[root@7d431361b5ef data1]# touch 1.txt
[root@7d431361b5ef data1]# cd /data2
[root@7d431361b5ef data2]# ls
[root@7d431361b5ef data2]# touch 2.txt
[root@7d431361b5ef data2]# ls /var/www
ls: cannot access /var/www: No such file or directory
[root@7d431361b5ef data2]# exit
exit
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[root@docker ~]# ls /var/www
1.txt
[root@docker ~]# ls /var/html
2.txt
2.数据卷容器
就是一个普通的容器，实现容器间的互联互通
实例
[root@docker ~]# docker run --name web11 -v /data1 -v /data2 -it centos /bin/bash #创建data1卷、data2卷
[root@75f345222ef9 /]# ls
bin data1 data2 dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@75f345222ef9 /]# cd data1
[root@75f345222ef9 data1]# ls
[root@75f345222ef9 data1]# touch 1.txt
[root@75f345222ef9 data1]# ls
1.txt
[root@75f345222ef9 data1]# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --volumes-from web11 --name tt centos /bin/bash #允许一个容器，指定卷来源于web11，新的容器名字tt
[root@64816843721d /]# ls
bin data1 data2 dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@64816843721d /]# ls data1
1.txt
[root@64816843721d /]#
3.容器互联
docker run -itd -P --name webb centos /bin/bash #创建并运行容器取名web1,端口号自动映射
docker run -itd -P --name web2 --link webb:webb centos /bin/bash #创建并运行容器取名web2，链接到web1和其通信
–link：打通隧道
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat test d6598c118ba0 2 days ago 599MB
nginx new 8cc8975756f1 2 days ago 681MB
nginx latest 822b7ec2aaf2 8 days ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 9 months ago 209MB
centos 7 8652b9f0cb4c 10 months ago 204MB
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -aq
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd -P --name web888 centos /bin/bash
972416b46adeb73ac2321fe5c5997df431802ef7c34db3cdb18b58e091219da7
您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd -P --name web999 --link web888:web888 centos /bin/bash
4195d537f5aebe6a1f17b2bf5c7407a4d8b95722a2558c03511941c93de60bdf
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4195d537f5ae centos "/bin/bash" 56 seconds ago Up 54 seconds web999
972416b46ade centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute web888
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it web888 /bin/bash
[root@972416b46ade /]# yum install -y net-tools
[root@972416b46ade /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4385 bytes 16662126 (15.8 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4255 bytes 234697 (229.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
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