管理信息系统 课程设计

Posted 2020-11-19 berylf

一.系统概要说明

这里利用python+Flask+mysql的web建设技术，开发的一个网站，该网站父模板有头部导航条、底部图片导航、中间主显示区域布局，能够实现注册、登录和注销，发布、列表显示，详情页内容的浏览，评论、列表显示，个人中心，搜索、条件组合搜索，文章分类、显示，点赞、收藏和修改密码，还能够实现我的发布文章内容、点赞、收藏和评论，以及高级搜索，还有热门文章和推荐文章等功能的实现。在导航里点击发布，进入发布的页面。里面有标题和详情由我们自己编写，还有请选择的类型的下拉菜单，最后点击发布确认按钮进行内容的发布。在发布详情页里，发布内容框居中，推荐作者以及推荐文章在文章内容框的左边，搜索按热度、时间搜索，按文章类型搜索又可以分为历史、小说、摄影、旅行、文化、美食、热点新闻、娱乐八卦和游戏等类别。发布功能就可以根据自己的主题去选择，里面还有发布的姓名、标题、详情、时间以及发布主题的小标题。在左下角可以知道浏览的次数，评论数以及点赞数。在进入密码修改页面，用户名不能修改但是可以显示出来，输入旧密码以及新密码，最后确认密码，最终修改密码成功。点击导航条的个人中心，里面就包括了个人信息、发布信息、评论信息和收藏文章。

二. 网站结构设计

三.模块详细设计

网页模块的设计只要分为用户的注册、登录和注销，以及首页，发布内容以及个人中心。

1.进入注册页面，注册的用户名只能是字母加数字，注册好账户后就可以进行用户的登录，如果登录是密码错误，则会弹出一个密码错误的提示，登录成功后就会进入一个首页的页面，进而可以进行文章内容的发布。

2.文章内容的发布，点击进去就会看到标题、文章内容填写的两个大框，还有文章类型选择的下拉列表，最后点击确定就可以在首页显示用户所发布的文章。

3.进入个人发布文章的详情页就可以看到文章内容，其中还可以对文章进行点赞和收藏文章，还可以在文章下面对文章进行评论。

4.进入个人用户，就会看到个人信息、发布信息、评论信息和收藏的文章。

四.数据库设计

本次博客系统中连接的数据库是Navicat·for`MySQL，在ip地址127.0.0.1中创建11数据库。

代码如下：

SECRET_KEY = os.urandom(24)

DIALECT = ‘mysql‘
DRIVER = ‘mysqldb‘
USERNAME = ‘root‘
PASSWORD = ‘ROOT‘
HOST = ‘127.0.0.1‘
PORT = ‘3306‘
DATABASE = ‘11‘

# 配置和数据库的连接信息
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = ‘mysql+pymysql://root:125757*@127.0.0.1:3306/11?charset=utf8‘

1.这是创建的用户表：

class User(db.Model):  # 创建类User
    __tablename__ = ‘user‘  # 类对应的表名user
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)  # autoincrement自增长
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)  # nullable是否为空
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)  # 密码加密内部使用
    nickname = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)

2.评论表

class Comment(db.Model):   # 评论
    __tablename__ = ‘comment‘
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘user.id‘))
    publish_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘publish.id‘))
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    publish = db.relationship(‘publish‘,backref=db.backref(‘comments‘, order_by=creat_time.desc))  # order_by=creat_time.desc按时间降序
    author = db.relationship(‘User‘, backref=db.backref(‘comments‘))
复制代码

4.点赞表：

class Dianzang(db.Model):   # 点赞
    __tablename__ = ‘dianzang‘
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘user.id‘))
    publish_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘publish.id‘))
    publish = db.relationship(‘publish‘, backref=db.backref(‘dianzangs‘))
    author = db.relationship(‘User‘, backref=db.backref(‘dianzangs‘))

5.发布表：

class publish(db.Model):   # 问答
    __tablename__ = ‘publish‘
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    detail = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    leixing = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)
    creat_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)  # 提交时间会自己赋值
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘user.id‘))  # 数据类型是db.Integer，db.ForeignKey参数指定外键是哪个表中哪个id
    author = db.relationship(‘User‘, backref=db.backref(‘publish‘))  # 建立关联，其author属性将返回与问答相关联的用户实例，相当于数据库中的表连接
    # 第一个参数表明这个关系的另一端是哪个类，第二个参数backref，将向User类中添加一个publish属性，从而定义反向关系，这一属性可访问publish类，获取的是模型对象
    yuedu = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)

6.收藏表：

class Shoucang(db.Model):   # 收藏
    __tablename__ = ‘shoucang‘
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘user.id‘))
    publish_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(‘publish.id‘))
    publish = db.relationship(‘publish‘, backref=db.backref(‘shoucangs‘))
    author = db.relationship(‘User‘, backref=db.backref(‘shoucangs‘))

五.系统实现的关键算法与数据结构

a.登录

{% extends ‘daohang.html‘ %}

{% block daohangtitle %}登陆{% endblock %}
{% block daohanghead %}
    <script src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘js/denglu.js‘) }}"></script>
    <link href="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘css/style.css‘) }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/>
    <link href=‘//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,100,300,600,700‘ rel=‘stylesheet‘ type=‘text/css‘>
{% endblock %}
{% block daohangbody %}
    <div class="login">
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘denglu‘) }}" method="post">
        <div class="log-input">
            <div class="log-input-left">
                用户：<input type="text" class="user" name="user" id="user" placeholder="请输入用户名">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="log-input">
            <div class="log-input-left">
                密码：<input type="password" class="lock" name="pass" id="pass" placeholder="请输入密码">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="error_box"><br></div>
        <div class="log-input">
            <div class="log-input-left">
                <input type="submit" value="登录" onclick="return fnLogin()">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="clear"></div>
    </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

b.修改密码

{% extends ‘daohang.html‘ %}

{% block daohangtitle %}密码修改{% endblock %}
{% block daohanghead %}{% endblock %}
{% block daohangbody %}
    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘password_update1‘) }}" method="post">
        <div class="col-md-3 column"></div>
        <div class="col-md-6 column">
            <h3 class="text-center">密码修改</h3>
            <hr>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="username" class="col-sm-2 control-label">用户账号</label>
                <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" name="username"
                           value="{{ users.username }}" readonly>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="password" class="col-sm-2 control-label">新密码</label>
                <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入新密码"
                            required>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">确定</button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-3 column"></div>
    </form>
{% endblock %}

c.注册

{% extends ‘daohang.html‘ %}

{% block daohangtitle %}注册{% endblock %}
{% block daohanghead %}
    <script src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘js/denglu.js‘) }}"></script>
    <link href="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=‘css/style.css‘) }}" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all"/>
    <link href=‘//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Josefin+Sans:400,100,300,600,700‘ rel=‘stylesheet‘ type=‘text/css‘>
{% endblock %}
{% block daohangbody %}
    <div class="login">
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘zhuce‘) }}" method="post">
            <div class="log-input">
                <div class="log-input-left">
                    用户：<input type="text" class="user" name="user" id="user" placeholder="请输入用户名">
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="log-input">
                <div class="log-input-left">
                   昵称：<input type="text" class="user" name="nickname" id="nickname" placeholder="请输入昵称">
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="log-input">
                <div class="log-input-left">
                    密码：<input type="password" class="lock" name="pass" id="pass" placeholder="请输入密码">
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
            </div>
            <div class="log-input">
                <div class="log-input-left">
                    密码：<input type="password" class="lock" name="again" id="again" placeholder="再次输入密码">
                </div>
                <div class="clear"></div>
            </div>
            <div id="error_box"><br></div>
            <div class="log-input">
                <div class="log-input-left">
                    <input type="submit" value="登录" onclick="return fnRegistration()">
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="clear"></div>
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

d.点赞收藏功能

 <div class="col-md-3 column "></div>
    <div class="col-md-6 column ">
        <h2 href="#" class="text-center">{{ fa.title }}</h2>
        <br>
        <p class="text-center">
            <a href="{{ url_for(‘yonghu‘,username_id=fa.author_id,tag=1) }}">
                <small>{{ fa.author.username }}</small>
            </a>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
            <span class="pull-center"><small>{{ fa.creat_time }}</small></span>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
            <span class="    glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open"></span><em>浏览：{{ fa.yuedu }}</em>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
            <span class=""></span><em>评论：{{ fa.comments|length }}</em>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
            <span class=""></span><em>点赞：{{ fa.dianzangs|length }}</em>
        </p>
        <hr>
        <p>{{ fa.detail }}</p>

        <form action="{{ url_for(‘dianzang‘) }}" method="post">
            <input type="hidden" name="dzfabu_id" value="{{ fa.id }}">
            <input type="hidden" name="dzuser_id" value="{{ sessionuserid }}">
            {% if dzyes %}
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pull-right"><span
                        class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart">{{ fa.dianzangs |length }}</span></button>
            {% else %}
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-xs pull-right"><span
                        class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty">赞</span></button>
            {% endif %}
        </form>
        <form action="{{ url_for(‘shoucang‘) }}" method="post">
            <input type="hidden" name="scfabu_id" value="{{ fa.id }}">
            <input type="hidden" name="scuser_id" value="{{ sessionuserid }}">
            {% if yes %}
                <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs pull-right">已收藏</button>
            {% else %}
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs pull-right">+收藏</button>
            {% endif %}
        </form>
        <hr>

e.发布页面的选择类型

<form role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘fabu‘) }}" method="post">
        <div class="col-md-3 column"></div>
        <div class="form-group col-md-6 column">
            <label for="title">标题</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" rows="1" id="title" name="title"></textarea>
            <label for="detail">详情</label>
            <textarea class="form-control" rows="10" id="detail" name="detail"></textarea>
            <div class="log-input">
                <label for="lastname" class=" control-label"></label>
                <div class="">
                    <select class="" name="leixing" id="leixing">
                        <option value="None" selected>请选择类型</option>
                        <option value="散文">散文</option>
                        <option value="诗歌">诗歌</option>
                        <option value="科普">科普</option>
                        <option value="历史">历史</option>
                        <option value="电影">电影</option>
                        <option value="人文">人文</option>
                        <option value="小说">小说</option>
                        <option value="摄影">摄影</option>
                        <option value="旅行">旅行</option>
                        <option value="文化">文化</option>
                        <option value="美食">美食</option>
                        <option value="创业">创业</option>
                        <option value="热点新闻">热点新闻</option>
                        <option value="娱乐八卦">娱乐八卦</option>
                        <option value="互联网">互联网</option>
                        <option value="游戏">游戏</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div id=""><br></div>
            <input type="submit" value="发布" class="btn btn-default" onclick="">
        </div>

f.个人用户

{% extends ‘yonghufather.html‘ %}

{% block yonghubody %}
    <h3 class="text-center">个人信息</h3>
    <ul class="list-unstyled nav1">
        <li class="list-group-item-success">用户：{{ username }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item-info">编号：{{ userid }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item-warning">昵称：{{ nickname }}</li>
        <li class="list-group-item-success">文章：{{ fabus|length }}篇</li>
        <li class="list-group-item-info">评论：{{ comments|length }}条</li>
        <li class="list-group-item-warning">收藏文章：{{ shoucang|length }}篇</li>
    </ul>

{% endblock %}

g.首页专题

   <div class="col-md-3 column">
                            <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘fenlei‘) }}" method="get">
                                <div class="form-group" style="
    width: 200px;
">
                                    <ul style="margin-top: 50px" >
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/yD9GAd?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/4/sy_20091020135145113016.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/32/h/32"
                                                 alt="32" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">读书</div>

                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/fcd7a62be697?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/95/1.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">故事</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                                href="/c/e7d2d4045b36?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/75/22.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">历史</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/1hjajt?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/21/20120316041115481.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">电影</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/b676c24f7d60?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/494271/51164a1egd7b1a4a7c491_690.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">人文</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/5AUzod?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/13/%E5%95%8A.png?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">旅行</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                        <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"><a class="collection" target="_blank"
                                               href="/c/7b2be866f564?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            <img src="//upload.jianshu.io/collections/images/83/1.jpg?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip|imageView2/1/w/64/h/64"
                                                 alt="64" style="
    width: 40px;
">
                                            <div class="name">摄影</div>
                                        </a>
                                        </li>
                                       <li style="list-style:none;float:left;"> <a class="more-hot-collection" target="_blank"
                                           href="/recommendations/collections?utm_medium=index-collections&amp;utm_source=desktop">
                                            更多热门专题 <i class="iconfont ic-link"></i>
                                        </a></li>
                                </div>


                                <div class="col-md-3 column">
                                    <h3 class="text-center">年度</h3>
                                    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘fenlei‘) }}"
                                          method="get">
                                        <div class="form-group">
                                          <input type="submit" value="2015" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-success">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2016" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-info">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2017" id="fenlei" name="fenlei"
                                                   class="btn btn-warning">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2018" id="fenlei" name="fenlei"
                                                   class="btn btn-danger">
                                        </div>
 </form>
                                </div>

h.首页时间年度的选择

   <div class="col-md-3 column">
                                    <h3 class="text-center">年度</h3>
                                    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘fenlei‘) }}"
                                          method="get">
                                        <div class="form-group">
                                          <input type="submit" value="2015" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-success">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2016" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-info">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2017" id="fenlei" name="fenlei"
                                                   class="btn btn-warning">
                                            <input type="submit" value="2018" id="fenlei" name="fenlei"
                                                   class="btn btn-danger">
                                        </div>
 </form>
                                </div>



            <div class="col-md-3 column">
                <h3 class="text-center">年度时间</h3>
                <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" action="{{ url_for(‘fenlei‘) }}" method="get">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <input type="submit" value="2015" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-success">
                        <input type="submit" value="2016" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-info">
                        <input type="submit" value="2017" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-warning">
                        <input type="submit" value="2018" id="fenlei" name="fenlei" class="btn btn-danger">
                    </div>

i.首页的浏览详情

 <div class="col-md-6 column">
                <h3 class="text-center">首页</h3>
                <ul class="list-unstyled">
                    {% for foo in fabus %}
                        <li class="rgbal">
                            <a href="{{ url_for(‘yonghu‘,username_id=foo.author_id,tag=1) }}"><span
                                    class="glyphicon glyphicon-fire"></span>{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
                            <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
                            <span class="badge pull-right">{{ foo.leixing }}</span>
                            <h4 class="text-center"><a
                                    href="{{ url_for(‘fabuview‘,fabu_id=foo.id) }}">{{ foo.title }}</a></h4>
                            <p>{{ foo.detail }}</p>
                            <span class="    glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open"></span><em>浏览：{{ foo.yuedu }}</em>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
                            <span class=""></span><em>评论：{{ foo.comments|length }}</em>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
                            <span class=""></span><em>点赞：{{ foo.dianzangs|length }}</em>
                            <hr>
                        </li>
                    {% endfor %}
                </ul>
            </div>

j.加密算法

class User(db.Model):  # 创建类User
    __tablename__ = ‘user‘  # 类对应的表名user
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)  # autoincrement自增长
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)  # nullable是否为空
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)  # 密码加密内部使用
    nickname = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=True)

    @property  # 定义函数，需要用属性时可以用函数代替
    def password(self):  # 密码加密外部使用
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self, row_password):  # 密码进来时进行加密,generate_password_hash是一个密码加盐哈希函数，生成的哈希值可通过check_password_hash()进行验证。
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self, row_password):  # check_password_hash函数用于验证经过generate_password_hash哈希的密码。若密码匹配，则返回真，否则返回假。
        result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password)
        return result

k.排序算法

@app.route(‘/‘)
def index():
    pl = request.args.get(‘pl‘)   # 接收顺序排列的关键词，接收不到就按时间排列
    if pl == ‘按热度‘:
        context = {
            ‘publishs‘: publish.query.order_by(‘-yuedu‘).all(),
            ‘author‘: User.query.all(),
            ‘ydpublish‘: publish.query.filter(publish.yuedu > 5).all()  # 当发布的文章阅读量大于多少时取出这些文章，显示在首页的推荐文章
        }
        return render_template(‘index.html‘, **context)
    else:
        context = {
            ‘publishs‘: publish.query.order_by(‘-creat_time‘).all(),
            ‘author‘: User.query.all(),
            ‘ydpublish‘: publish.query.filter(publish.yuedu > 5).all()  # 当发布的文章阅读量大于多少时取出这些文章，显示在首页的推荐文章
        }
        return render_template(‘index.html‘, **context)

六.成品展示