阅读阅读阅读阅读一

Posted 2022-08-26 we1less

[ 句子简化题 & 真题 ]

题型识别

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

1. 主干内容相近原则

        ① 原句中有1个主干时，选项省略原句主干内容，必错

        ② 原句中有多个主干时，遵循 " 宁多勿少，宁少勿错 "

2. 逻辑矛盾可排除

        转折和因 / 果，让步和因 / 果

        although a, (but) b        尽管，但是

3. " 考点 + 内容 " 检验

        绝比概否

        ①绝对词：only，unique，rarely，just，have to / must，definitely，never ...

        ②比较：more，the most，compare，contrast，-er，-est

        ③概括：all，whole，entire ...

        ④否定：

                前缀：in- / im- / illegal / irregular，un-，mis-，anti-，dis- / de-(down)，nonagricultural sector ...

                否定单词：no，not，little，replace，avoid，disregard / ignore / neglect / vanish / perish (死亡，丧生; 毁灭; 腐烂，枯萎; 老化;)，hardly，seldom (不常; 很少; 难得;)，scarce，difficult，problem / problematic (成问题的，有疑问的)

                否定词组：too...to，no longer，rather than (而不是) / other than (除...以外)，

lack of (缺乏) / void of (缺乏的)，instead of (而不是…)，take place of... (代替;)

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[ 例题讲解 ]

Animal Signals in the Rain Forest

In the green-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.

1. 找主干

        ① 黄绿最亮

        ② (信号) 看不清

2. 找逻辑词

        but

3. 找绝比概否词

        比 brightest、否 not be very visible

When an animal is signaling in an area with green-to yellow lighting condition, it's signal will not be visible if the background is brightly lit.

        1. 选项主语说的是信号，文章主语说的是黄绿，省略主干错

        2. 微光背景，不是明亮的背景

In the lowest levels of the forest, an animal's signals are not easily seen unless there is a yellowish or greenish background.

        1. 选项主语说的是信号，文章主语说的是黄绿，省略主干错

        2. unless = if not, 

In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions at the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green or yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.

        1. 选项中出现了绝对词only，原文没有

Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor, these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also in the green-to-yellow range.

        1. 让步( although (虽然; 尽管;) a, [ but ] b )，but在原文中出现了

        2. 否定词 poor

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[ 例题讲解 ]

In a countercurrent exchange system, the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers run close enough to the blood vessels carrying warm blood from the body to pick up some heat from the warmer blood vessels; thus, the heat is transferred from the outgoing to the ingoing vessels before it reachs the flipper itself.

        the blood vessels carrying cooled blood from the flippers

        现在分词短语作后置定语

        1. 表示正在进行的动作        The girl eating an apple.

1. 找主干

        ① 静脉到动脉

        ② heat outing到ingoing

2. 找逻辑词

        thus 因此

3. 找绝比概否词

        无

In a turtle's countercurrent exchange system, outgoing vessels lie near enough to ingoing ones that heat can be exchanged from the former to the latter before reaching the turtle's flippers.

        对了

Within (在…之内) the turtle's flippers, there is a countercurrent exchange system that allows (允许) colder blood vessels to absorb heat from nearby warmer blood vessels and then return warmed blood to the turtle's body.

        1. 原文说的整个血液循环

In a countercurrent exchange system, a turtle can pick up body heat from being close enough to other turtles, thus raising its blood temperature as it passes them.

        1. 原文说的是一个乌龟的温度交换

When a turtle places (放置; 安顿) its flippers close to its body, it is able to use its countercurrent exchange system to transfer heat from the warmer blood vessels in its body to the cooler blood vessels in its flippers.

        1. 原文说的是内部的血液循环

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[ 例题讲解 ]

The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, with contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.

        area 地区

1. 找主干

        ① 关键因素是有能力

                适应国际分工(文化水平高)

                争取专长领域

2. 找逻辑词

        无

3. 找绝比概否词

        无

The early industrializers controlled most of the international economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas of specialization along the margins.

        1. 原文没说控制大部分的国际经济

Aides by their high literacy rates these countries were able to claim key areas of speciazation within established international markets.

        对了

High literacy rates enable these countries to take over international markets and adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths.

        strength n. 体力; 强度; 毅力; 实力; 优点;

        1. 原文没说接管市场

The international division of labor established by the early industaializers was suited to these countries, a key factor in their success.

        1. 原文中是adapt国际市场

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[ 例题讲解 ]        Artisans in Sixteenth-Century Europe

For centuries European artisans had operated in small, autonomous handcraft businesses, but by the sixteenth century an evolving economic system-moving toward modern capitalism, with its free-market pricing, new organization of production, investments, and so on-had started to erode their stable and relatively prosperous position. What forces contributed to their decline of the artisan?

        Artisans 工匠

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