NLog自定义Target之MQTT
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NLog是.Net中最流行的日志记录开源项目(之一),它灵活、免费、开源
官方支持文件、网络(TCP、UDP)、数据库、控制台等输出
社区支持Elastic、Seq等日志平台输出
实时日志需求
在工业物联网等特定场景下需要实时获取日志信息
工业物联网领域常用的是mqtt协议
那我们就使用NLog 自定义一个Target,将日志输出到MqttServer
Web通过Mqtt(websocket)实时获取日志,而不是传统的通过WebApi轮询日志
NLog自定义Target
官方文档介绍了如何自定义Target,可以获取到一串日志消息,无法获取结构化消息
需要使用自定义Field来完成这部分工作
/// <summary>
/// Additional field details
/// </summary>
[NLogConfigurationItem]
public class Field
/// <summary>
/// Name of additional field
/// </summary>
[RequiredParameter]
public string Name get; set;
/// <summary>
/// Value with NLog <see cref="NLog.Layouts.Layout"/> rendering support
/// </summary>
[RequiredParameter]
public Layout Layout get; set;
/// <summary>
/// Custom type conversion from default string to other type
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// <see cref="System.Object"/> can be used if the <see cref="Layout"/> renders JSON
/// </remarks>
public Type LayoutType get; set; = typeof(string);
/// <inheritdoc />
public override string ToString()
return $"Name: Name, LayoutType: LayoutType, Layout: Layout";
重写Write方法
protected override void Write(LogEventInfo logEvent)
//default fields
Dictionary<string, object> logDictionary = new()
"timestamp", logEvent.TimeStamp ,
"level", logEvent.Level.Name ,
"message", RenderLogEvent(Layout, logEvent)
;
//customer fields
//这里都处理为字符串了,有优化空间
foreach (var field in Fields)
var renderedField = RenderLogEvent(field.Layout, logEvent);
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(renderedField))
continue;
logDictionary[field.Name] = renderedField;
SendTheMessage2MqttBroker(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(logDictionary));
使用
下面将使用Nlog.Target.MQTT,演示通过web实时查看应用程序的日志。
创建WebApi项目
引用NLog.Target.MQTT
配置文件
<extensions>
<add assembly="NLog.Web.AspNetCore"/>
<!--<add assembly="NLog.Targets.MQTT"/>-->
<add assembly="NLog.Targets.MQTT"/>
</extensions>
<!-- the targets to write to -->
<targets>
<!-- MQTT Target -->
<target xsi:type="MQTT" name="mqtt" host="localhost" port="1883" username="UserName" password="Password" topic="log"
layout="$longdate|$event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0|$level:uppercase=true|$logger|$message $exception:format=tostring|url: $aspnet-request-url|action: $aspnet-mvc-action|$callsite" >
<field name="machine" layout="$machinename" />
<field name="processid" layout="$processid" />
<field name="threadname" layout="$threadname" />
<field name="logger" layout="$logger" />
<field name="callsite" layout="$callsite-linenumber" />
<field name="url" layout="$aspnet-request-url" />
<field name="action" layout="$aspnet-mvc-action" />
<field name="level" layout="$level:uppercase=true" />
<field name="message" layout="$message" />
<field name="exception" layout="$exception:format=toString" />
</target>
</targets>
<!-- rules to map from logger name to target -->
<rules>
<logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="mqtt" />
</rules>
配置MQTTServer和NLog
// ...
// NLog: Setup NLog for Dependency injection
builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
builder.Logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace);
builder.Host.UseNLog();
//AddHostedMqttServer
builder.Services.AddHostedMqttServer(mqttServer =>
mqttServer.WithoutDefaultEndpoint();
)
.AddMqttConnectionHandler()
.AddConnections();
//Config Port
builder.WebHost.UseKestrel(option =>
option.ListenAnyIP(1883, l => l.UseMqtt());
option.ListenAnyIP(80);
);
var app = builder.Build();
// ...
//UseStaticFiles html js etc.
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();
//Websocket Mqtt
app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
//MqttServerWebSocket
endpoints.MapConnectionHandler<MqttConnectionHandler>("/mqtt", options =>
options.WebSockets.SubProtocolSelector = MqttSubProtocolSelector.SelectSubProtocol;
);
);
// ...
Web连接MqttServer
// ...
<script src="./jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="./mqtt.min.js"></script>
<script src="./vue.js"></script>
// ...
var client = mqtt.connect('ws://' + window.location.host + '/mqtt', options);
client.on('connect',
function()
client.subscribe('log',
function(err)
if (!err)
console.log("subed!");
else
alert("subed error!");
);
);
client.on('message',
function(topic, message)
if (topic === 'log')
if (app.logs.length > 50)
app.logs.length = 0;
app.logs.unshift($.parseJSON(message.toString()));
);
// ...
输出日志
// ...
_logger.LogDebug("LogDebug!");
_logger.LogError(new Exception("Exception Message!"), "LogError!");
//new thread output log after 500ms
Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadProc);
thread.Name = "My Thread";
thread.Start();
// ...
实时查看日志 访问/index.html
8. 也可以通过Mqtt客户端订阅日志
源码及相关链接
[1] Github:https://github.com/iioter/NLog.Targets.MQTT
[2] Gitee:https://gitee.com/iioter/NLog.Targets.MQTT
[3] IoTGateway-Doc:http://iotgateway.net/blog/NLog
[4] NLog自定义Target:https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/How-to-write-a-custom-target
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