Spring Security入门Demo
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一、spring Security简介
SpringSecurity,这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案,同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上,Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入(DI,Dependency Injection)和面向切面技术。
二、建立工程
参考http://blog.csdn.net/haishu_zheng/article/details/51490299,用第二种方法创建名为spring-security-demo的Maven工程。
工程的最终目录结构为
三、源代码
1 pom.xml里引入所需要的包
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>spring-security-demo</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-security-demo</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <packaging>war</packaging>
- <name>spring-security-demo</name>
- <description/>
- <properties>
- <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax</groupId>
- <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
- <version>7.0</version>
- <scope>provided</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>jstl</groupId>
- <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
- <version>1.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
- <type>jar</type>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.9.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
- <version>3.1.6.RELEASE</version>
- <type>jar</type>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
- <version>3.1.6.RELEASE</version>
- <type>jar</type>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.15</version>
- <type>jar</type>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
2 web.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
- <display-name>spring-security-demo</display-name>
- <filter>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>
- /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
- /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
- </param-value>
- </context-param>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
- </listener>
- </web-app>
这里两处关于springsecurity的配置表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过Spring Security。
注意:最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前,否则Spring Security可能不会正常工作。
3 spring-servlet.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
- <!-- 定义一个视图解析器 -->
- <bean id="viewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
- p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
- </beans>
这个XML配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置。
4 applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
- <!-- 激活spring的注解. -->
- <context:annotation-config />
- <!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中.
- 例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo" />
- <!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! -->
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
- </beans>
5 spring-security.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd">
- <!-- Spring-Security 的配置 -->
- <!-- 注意use-expressions=true.表示开启表达式,否则表达式将不可用.
- see:http://www.family168.com/tutorial/springsecurity3/html/el-access.html
- -->
- <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >
- <security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
- <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole(‘ROLE_ADMIN‘)"/>
- <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole(‘ROLE_USER‘)"/>
- <security:form-login
- login-page="/auth/login"
- authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
- default-target-url="/main/common"/>
- <security:logout
- invalidate-session="true"
- logout-success-url="/auth/login"
- logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
- </security:http>
- <!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
- <security:authentication-manager>
- <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
- <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
- </security:authentication-provider>
- </security:authentication-manager>
- <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>
- <!--
- 通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
- 也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
- -->
- <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="com.demo.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
- </beans>
分析:
(一)
这里/auth/login的权限为permitAll,表示所有人都可以访问此页面;/main/admin的权限为ROLE_ADMIN,表示属于ROLE_ADMIN角色的用户才有权访问此页面;/main/common的权限为ROLE_USER,表示属于ROLE_USER的用户才有权访问此页面。
需要注意的是我们使用了SpringEL表达式来指定角色的访问.
以下是表达式对应的用法:
hasRole([role])返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。
hasAnyRole([role1,role2])返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 (使用逗号分隔的字符串队列)
principal 允许直接访问主体对象,表示当前用户
authentication允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得
permitAll 一直返回true
denyAll 一直返回false
isAnonymous()如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true
isRememberMe()如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回true
isAuthenticated()如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true
isFullyAuthenticated()如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时, 就会返回true。
(二)
- <security:form-login
- login-page="/auth/login"
- authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"
- default-target-url="/main/common"/>
表示通过 /auth/login这个映射进行登录.
如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common
(三)
- <security:logout
- invalidate-session="true"
- logout-success-url="/auth/login"
- logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
这里我们开启了session失效功能。注销URL为:/auth/logout;注销成功后转向:/auth/login。
(四)
- <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="com.demo.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.
6 loginpage.jsp
- <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
- <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
- <%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>Login</h1>
- <div id="login-error">${error}</div>
- <form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post">
- <p>
- <label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username"
- name="j_username" type="text" />
- </p>
- <p>
- <label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password"
- name="j_password" type="password" />
- </p>
- <input type="submit" value="Login" />
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
7 commonpage.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>Common Page</h1>
- <p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>
- <a href="/spring-security-demo/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>
- <br />
- <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>
- </body>
- </html>
8 adminpage.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>Admin Page</h1>
- <p>管理员页面</p>
- <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>
- </body>
- </html>
9 deniedpage.jsp
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Insert title here</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>你的权限不够!</h1>
- <p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p>
- <a href="/spring-security-demo/auth/login">退出登录</a>
- </body>
- </html>
10 数据模型DbUser.Java
- package com.demo.domain;
- public class DbUser {
- private String username;
- private String password;
- private Integer access;
- public String getUsername() {
- return username;
- }
- public void setUsername(String username) {
- this.username = username;
- }
- public String getPassword() {
- return password;
- }
- public void setPassword(String password) {
- this.password = password;
- }
- public Integer getAccess() {
- return access;
- }
- public void setAccess(Integer access) {
- this.access = access;
- }
- }
11 UserDao.java,通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作
- package com.demo.dao;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import com.demo.domain.DbUser;
- public class UserDao {
- protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao");
- public DbUser getDatabase(String username) {
- List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase();
- for (DbUser dbUser : users) {
- if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) {
- logger.debug("User found");
- return dbUser;
- }
- }
- logger.error("User does not exist!");
- throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!");
- }
- /**
- * 初始化数据
- */
- private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() {
- List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>();
- DbUser user = null;
- user = new DbUser();
- user.setUsername("admin");
- // "admin"经过MD5加密后
- user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
- user.setAccess(1);
- users.add(user);
- user = new DbUser();
- user.setUsername("user");
- // "user"经过MD5加密后
- user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");
- user.setAccess(2);
- users.add(user);
- return users;
- }
- }
12 CustomUserDetailsService.java,自定义UserDetailsService,可以通过继承UserDetailsService来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService
- package com.demo.service;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
- import com.demo.domain.DbUser;
- import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
- import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
- import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
- import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
- import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
- import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
- import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
- /**
- * 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService
- *
- */
- public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
- protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");
- private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao();
- public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
- throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {
- UserDetails user = null;
- try {
- // 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名.
- // 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库
- DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username);
- // Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser
- // Here we just pass the username, password, and access level
- // getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct
- // role type
- user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword()
- .toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true,
- getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));
- } catch (Exception e) {
- logger.error("Error in retrieving user");
- throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user");
- }
- return user;
- }
- /**
- * 获得访问角色权限
- *
- * @param access
- * @return
- */
- public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) {
- List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);
- // 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限
- logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user");
- authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));
- // 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限
- if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) {
- logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user");
- authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));
- }
- return authList;
- }
- }
13 控制器LoginController.java
- package com.demo.controller;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("auth")
- public class LoginController {
- protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
- /**
- * 指向登录页面
- */
- @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String getLoginPage(
- @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error,
- ModelMap model) {
- logger.debug("Received request to show login page");
- if (error == true) {
- // Assign an error message
- model.put("error",
- "You have entered an invalid username or password!");
- } else {
- model.put("error", "");
- }
- return "loginpage";
- }
- /**
- * 指定无访问额权限页面
- *
- * @return
- */
- @RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String getDeniedPage() {
- logger.debug("Received request to show denied page");
- return "deniedpage";
- }
- }
该controller有两个mapping映射
main/common
main/admin
现在我们将同过Spring Security框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common,但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin。
14 控制器MainController.java
- package com.demo.controller;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping("/main")
- public class MainController {
- protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");
- /**
- * 跳转到commonpage页面
- *
- * @return
- */
- @RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String getCommonPage() {
- logger.debug("Received request to show common page");
- return "commonpage";
- }
- /**
- * 跳转到adminpage页面
- *
- * @return
- */
- @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)
- public String getAadminPage() {
- logger.debug("Received request to show admin page");
- return "adminpage";
- }
- }
四、运行结果
1 启动spring-security-demo程序
2 在浏览器里输入http://localhost:8080/spring-security-demo/auth/login
3 输入用户名admin密码admin后,点击“Login”按纽
4 点击“Go AdminPage”链接,因为有权限,所以可看到管理员页面
5 点击“退出登录”,返回登录页
6 输入用户名user密码user并登录
7 点击Go AdminPage链接,因为没有权限,所以看到权限不够的提示
8 退出登录,返回登录页
五、源码下载地址
CSDN: http://download.csdn.net/detail/haishu_zheng/9555916
Github: https://github.com/zhenghaishu/Spring-Security-Demo
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