JavaWeb——AJAX(附三级联动省市区案例)
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目录
1. 定义
AJAX:异步的javascript和xml,并不是新的编程,指的是一种交互方式,异步加载,客户端和服务器的数据交互更新在局部页面的技术,不需要刷新整个页面(局部刷新)
1.1 优点
- 局部刷新,效果更好
- 用户体验更好
2. 基于jQuery的AJAX
2.1 语法
$.ajax(属性)
常用的属性参数:
- url:请求的后端服务地址
- type:请求类型,默认get
- data:请求参数
- dataType:服务器返回的数据类型,text/json
- success:请求成功的回调函数
- error:请求失败的回调函数
- complete:请求完成的回调函数(无论成功或者失败,都会回调)
2.2 JSON
一种轻量级数据交互格式,完成js和java等后端开发语言对象数据之间的转换
客户端和服务器之间传递对象数据,需要用JSON格式
var user =
id:1,
name:"张三",
score:96.5
相当于java中的
package entity;
public class User
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double score;
public Integer getId()
return id;
public void setId(Integer id)
this.id = id;
public String getName()
return name;
public void setName(String name)
this.name = name;
public Double getScore()
return score;
public void setScore(Double score)
this.score = score;
public User(Integer id, String name, Double score)
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.score = score;
User user = new User(1,"张三",96.5);
将java对象转为json格式
User user = new User(1,"张三",96.0);
//将java对象转为json格式
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(user);
resp.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
2.3 案例
jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type = "text/javascript" src = "js/jquery-3.0.0.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/* $(function()
alert(123)
) */
$(function()
var btn = $("#btn");
btn.click(function()
//alert("点击了按钮")
$.ajax(
//相当于<form action="">
url:'testservlet',
type:'get',
data:'id=1',
dataType:'text',
success:function(data)
//alert(data)
var text = $("#text");
text.before("<span>"+data+"</span><br>");
);
);
)
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input id = text type = "text"><br>
<input id = "btn" type = "button" value = "提交"><br>
</body>
</html>
注1: 不能用表单提交请求,改用jQuery方式动态绑定时间来提交。
注2: servlet不能直接跳转到jsp,只能将数据返回。//alert(data)
调用这条注释语句,即可看到结果,就是原因。
servlet
package bysj01;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/testservlet")
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
String id = req.getParameter("id");
try
Thread.sleep(30);
catch (InterruptedException e)
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
String str = "Hello World";
resp.getWriter().write(str);
// req.setAttribute("str", str);
// req.getRequestDispatcher("test.jsp").forward(req, resp);
3. 传统的WEB数据交互 VS AJAX数据交互
- 客户端请求的方式不同
传统:浏览器发送同步请求<form>
、<a>
AJAX:异步引擎对象发送异步请求 - 服务器响应的方式不同
传统:响应一个完整jsp页面(视图)
AJAX:相应需要的数据 - 客户端处理方式不同
传统:需要等待服务器完成响应并且重新加载整个页面之后,用户才能进行后续的操作
AJAX:动态更新页面中的局部内容,不影响用户的其他操作
4. AJAX原理
5. 三级联动案例
5.1 案例说明
分为省、市、区三个部分
在点击省的时候市、区自动更新
5.2 代码
location.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.0.0.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function()
//修改省份
$("#province").change(function()
var id= $(this).val();
$.ajax(
url:"location",
type:"post",
data:"id="+id+"&type=province",
dataType:"JSON",
success:function(data)
console.log(data);
var content = "";
var cities = data.cities;
console.log(cities);
for(var i=0;i<cities.length;i++)
content += "<option>"+cities[i]+"</option>";
$("#city").html(content);
content = "";
var areas = data.areas;
console.log(areas);
for(var i=0;i<areas.length;i++)
content += "<option>"+areas[i]+"</option>";
$("#area").html(content);
);
);
//修改城市
$("#city").change(function()
var id = $(this).val();
$.ajax(
url:"location",
type:"post",
data:"id="+id+"&type=city",
dataType:"JSON",
success:function(data)
console.log(data)
var content = "";
for(var i=0;i<data.length;i++)
content += "<option>"+data[i]+"</option>";
$("#area").html(content);
);
);
)
</script>
</head>
<body>
省:<select id="province">
<option value="陕西省">陕西省</option>
<option value="河南省">河南省</option>
<option value="江苏省">江苏省</option>
</select>
市:<select id="city">
<option value="西安市">西安市</option>
<option value="宝鸡市">宝鸡市</option>
<option value="渭南市">渭南市</option>
</select>
区:<select id="area">
<option value = "雁塔区">雁塔区</option>
<option value = "莲湖区">莲湖区</option>
<option value = "新城区">新城区</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>
class:Location
package entity;
import java.util.List;
public class Location
private List<String> cities;
private List<String> areas;
public List<String> getCities()
return cities;
public void setCities(List<String> cities)
this.cities = cities;
public List<String> getAreas()
return areas;
public void setAreas(List<String> areas)
this.areas = areas;
servlet:LocationServlet
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import entity.Location;
@WebServlet("/location")
public class LocationServlet extends HttpServlet
private static Map<String,List<String>> cityMap;
private static Map<String,List<String>> provinceMap;
static
cityMap = new HashMap<>();
List<String> areas = new ArrayList<>();
//陕西省
//西安
areas.add("雁塔区");
areas.add("莲湖区");
areas.add("新城区");
cityMap.put("西安市", areas);
//宝鸡
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("陈仓区");
areas.add("渭宾区");
areas.add("新城区");
cityMap.put("宝鸡市", areas);
//渭南
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("临渭区");
areas.add("高新区");
cityMap.put("渭南市", areas);
//河南省
//郑州
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("郑州A区");
areas.add("郑州B区");
cityMap.put("郑州市", areas);
//洛阳
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("洛阳A区");
areas.add("洛阳B区");
cityMap.put("洛阳市", areas);
//江苏省
//南京
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("南京A区");
areas.add("南京B区");
cityMap.put("南京市", areas);
//苏州
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("苏州A区");
areas.add("苏州B区");
cityMap.put("苏州市", areas);
//南通
areas = new ArrayList<>();
areas.add("南通A区");
areas.add("南通B区");
cityMap.put("南通市", areas);
provinceMap=new HashMap<>();
List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
cities.add("西安市");
cities.add("宝鸡市");
cities.add("渭南市");
provinceMap.put("陕西省", cities);
cities = new ArrayList<>();
cities.add("郑州市");
cities.add("洛阳市");
cities.add("开封市");
provinceMap.put("河南省", cities);
cities = new ArrayList<>();
cities.add("南京市");
cities.add("苏州市");
cities.add("南通市");
provinceMap.put("江苏省", cities);
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException
String type = req.getParameter("type");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String id = req.getParameter("id");
switch(type)
case "city":
List<String> areas = cityMap.get(id);
JSONArray jsonArray = JSONArray.fromObject(areas);
resp.getWriter().write(jsonArray.toString());
break;
case "province":
List<String> cities = provinceMap.get(id);
String city = cities.get(0);
List<String> cityAreas = cityMap.get(city);
Location location = new Location();
location.setCities(cities);
location.setAreas(cityAreas);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(location);
resp.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
break;
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