管理信息系统课程设计

Posted 2020-11-18 yybx

一、系统概要说明：

通过使用Python、Flask、mysql的web建设技术，开发一个文章发布的网站，从中能够实现文章的发布和列表显示、文章的评论、文章的点赞、文章的分类筛选、文章的特定搜索以及发布者个人信息的完善，头像的上传、登录、注册、注销等功能。

二、网站结构设计：

首先先建立表，用户登录表、收藏表、评论表、问题发布的表，见图1.然后设计主网页base.html，主网页被其他功能的网页所继承，起到一个基础作用，再而进行其他功能相关网页的设计，例如个人中心，个人信息，评论，注册登录、密码修改、头像上传、热门文章等网页的继承，见图2。

三、模块详细设计：

1、首页关键代码，包括导航、文章、文章分类、文章关键字搜索内容部分

<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified">
                            <li class="active"><a href="{{ url_for(‘index‘) }}">首页</a></li>
                            <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘setPassword‘,id=user_id) }}">更改信息</a></li>
                            <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘comment‘,user_id=user_id,num=‘1‘) }}">个人中心</a></li>
                            <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘logout‘) }}">退出</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                {% else %}
                   <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified">
                    <li class="active"><a href="{{ url_for(‘login‘) }}">登录</a></li>
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for(‘regist‘) }}">注册</a></li>
                     </ul>
                {% endif %}

                    <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search" action="{{ url_for(‘search‘) }}" method="get">
                        <div class="form-group">
                         <button><a href="{{ url_for(‘question‘) }}">我的文章发布</a></li></button>
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="搜索" required name="q">
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <select class="form-control" name="c">
                                <option value="" selected>所以分类</option>
                                <option>情感类</option>
                                <option>幽默类</option>
                                <option>亲情类</option>
                                <option>友情类</option>
                                {% for c in cf %}
                                    <option value="{{ c.id }}">{{ c.name }}</option>
                                {% endfor %}
                            </select>
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <select class="form-control" name="y">
                                <option value="" selected>发布年份</option>
                                <option >2018</option>
                                <option>2017</option>
                                <option>2016</option>
                                <option>2015</option>
                            </select>
                        </div>
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
                    </form>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>
2、登录注册页
<div class="col-md-8 column">
    <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="post" action="{{ url_for(‘login‘) }}">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">账号</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
                <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3"/>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="inputPassword3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
                <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword3"/>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                <div class="checkbox">
                    <label><input type="checkbox"/>Remember me</label>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
   <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">账号</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" id="inputEmail3" required/>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="Password1" class="col-sm-2 control-label">密码</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" id="Password1" required/>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="Password2" class="col-sm-2 control-label">确认密码</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="password"  class="form-control" id="Password2"required/>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                            <button type="submit" onclick="return aaa()" class="btn btn-default">注册</button>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block script %}
    <script>
    function aaa() {
        var p1 = document.getElementById(‘Password1‘)
        var p2 = document.getElementById(‘Password2‘)
        if (p1.value != p2.value){
            alert(‘两次密码不一样！‘)
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    </script>

3、文章发布页
<h2>发布问题</h2>
    <div class="container" style="padding-top: 200px;">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-8 column">
                <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" method="post" action="#">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="title" class="col-sm-2 control-label">文章标题</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <input type="text" name="author_id" value="{{ user.id }}" hidden>
                            <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" name="title"/>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="detail" class="col-sm-2 control-label">内容</label>
                        <div class="col-sm-10">
                            <textarea class="form-control" id="detail"  name="detail" rows="10"></textarea>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                            <select name="cf" id="" class="form-control">
                                <option value="">--请选择分类--</option>
                                <option>情感类</option>
                                <option>幽默类</option>
                                <option>亲情类</option>
                                <option>友情类</option>
                                {% for c in cf %}
                                    <option value="{{ c.id }}">{{ c.name }}</option>
                                {% endfor %}
                            </select>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">发布</button>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
            <div class="col-md-2 column">
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
4、文章内容详细页
<div class="container">
        <div class="row clearfix">
            <div class="page-header">
    <h3>标题：{{ques.title}}
        <select>
                <option>收藏</option>
                <option>点赞</option>
            </select><br>
        <small >{{ques.author.username}} <span class="badge">{{ques.create_time}}</span></small>
    </h3>
            </div>
<p>内容：{{ques.detail}}</p>
<hr>

<form action="{{url_for(‘comment‘)}}"method="post" style="margin:20px">
    <div class="form-group">
        <textarea name="new_comment"class="form-control"rows="5"id="new-comment"placeholder="write your comment"></textarea>
        <input name="question_id" type="hidden" value="{{ques.id}}">
    </div>
    <button type="submit"class="btn btn-default">发送</button>
</form>
            <!--评论数目-->
            <h4>评论:({{ ques.comments|length }})</h4>
</div>
</div>
   <ul class="list-group"style="margin:10px">
       {%for foo in ques.comments%}
       <li class="list-group-item">
           <span class="glyphicon lgyphicon-heart-empty" aira-hidden="true"></span>
           <a href="{{url_for(‘usercenter‘,user_id=foo.author.id,tag=1)}}">{{foo.author.username}}</a>
           <span class="badge">{{foo.create_time}}</span>
           <p>{{foo.detail}}</p>
       </li>
       {%endfor%}
   </ul>
5、用户个人中心全部问答页
<li class="list-group-item" style="width: 800px">
    <a class="wrap-img" href="#" target="_blank">
        <img src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=foo.author.icon) }}" width="50px">
    </a>
    <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
    <a href="{{ url_for(‘comment‘,user_id=foo.author.id ,num=‘1‘)}}"
       target="_blank">{{ foo.author.username }}</a>
    <br>
    <a href="{{ url_for(‘detail‘,question_id=foo.id) }}">{{ foo.title }}</a>
    <span class="badge">{{ foo.creat_time }}</span>
    <p style="">{{ foo.detail[0:50] }}...
    </p>
</li>
6、个人中心全部评论页
<h1>全部评论</h1>
{% for com in comment %}
    <li class="list-group-item" style="width: 800px">
        <a class="wrap-img" href="#" target="_blank">
            <img src="{{ url_for(‘static‘,filename=foo.author.icon) }}" width="50px">
        </a>
        <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        <a href="{{ url_for(‘comment‘,user_id=com.author.id,num=‘1‘) }}"
           target="_blank">{{ com.author.username }}</a>
        <br>
        <span class="badge">{{ com.creat_time }}</span>
        <p style="">{{ com.detail }}</p>
    </li>
{% endfor %}
7、个人中心个人信息页
<h1>名称：
        <small>{{ user2.username }}</small>
    </h1>
    <h1>问题数：
        <small>{{ questions|length }}</small>
    </h1>
    <h1>评论数：
        <small>{{ comment|length }}</small>
    </h1>
</div>

四、数据库设计：

用户id保存数据库中
class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = ‘user‘
    # 建立一个表user
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
    say = db.Column(db.String(50))
    icon = db.Column(db.String(50))
    collection = db.relationship(‘Question‘, secondary=Collection, backref=db.backref(‘user‘, lazy=‘dynamic‘),
                                 lazy=‘dynamic‘)
    @property
    def password(self):  # 外部使用
        return self._password

    @password.setter
    def password(self, row_password):
        self._password = generate_password_hash(row_password)

    def check_password(self, row_password):
        result = check_password_hash(self._password, row_password)
return result

五、系统实现的关键算法与数据结构：

一、    导入所需要的开发软件
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,url_for,session
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import config
from functools import wraps
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy import or_
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
二、    实现各个网页内部功能的前提代码
app=Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(config)
db=SQLAlchemy(app)