为什么会触发ANR,从源码中扒一扒

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在面试过程中,难免会遇到一道这样的问题,为什么android程序会ANR?你得解释什么是ANR;

ANR(Application Not responding),是指应用程序未响应,Android系统对于一些事件需要在一定的时间范围内完成,如果超过预定时间能未能得到有效响应或者响应时间过长,都会造成ANR。

造成ANR的场景:

  • Service Timeout:比如前台服务在20s内未执行完成;

  • BroadcastQueue Timeout:比如前台广播在10s内未执行完成

  • ContentProvider Timeout:内容提供者,在publish过超时10s;

  • InputDispatching Timeout: 输入事件分发超时5s,包括按键和触摸事件。

触发ANR的过程可分为三个步骤: 埋炸弹, 拆炸弹, 引爆炸弹;

说了一大堆之后,面试官觉得听得不还够,可能会接着问系统是怎么触发的呢?

1, Service Timeout是位于”ActivityManager”线程中的AMS.MainHandler收到SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。

对于Service有两类:

  • 对于前台服务,则超时为SERVICE_TIMEOUT = 20s;

  • 对于后台服务,则超时为SERVICE_BACKGROUND_TIMEOUT = 200s

由变量ProcessRecord.execServicesFg来决定是否前台启动.

埋炸弹阶段:在Service进程attach到system_server进程的过程中会调用realStartServiceLocked()方法  (准确说是scheduleServiceTimeoutLocked方法)  中来埋下炸弹.

private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException 
    ...
    //发送delay消息(SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG),
    bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "create");
    try 
        ...
        //最终执行服务的onCreate()方法
        app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
                mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
                app.repProcState);
     catch (DeadObjectException e) 
        mAm.appDiedLocked(app);
        throw e;
     finally 
        ...
    



private final void bumpServiceExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean fg, String why) 
    ... 
    scheduleServiceTimeoutLocked(r.app);



void scheduleServiceTimeoutLocked(ProcessRecord proc) 
    if (proc.executingServices.size() == 0 || proc.thread == null) 
        return;
    
    long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
    Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
            ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG);
    msg.obj = proc;
    
    //当超时后仍没有remove该SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG消息,则执行service Timeout流程
    mAm.mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg,
        proc.execServicesFg ? (now+SERVICE_TIMEOUT) : (now+ SERVICE_BACKGROUND_TIMEOUT));

拆炸弹阶段:经过Binder等层层调用进入目标进程的主线程ActivityThread.handleCreateService()的过程. 在这个过程会创建目标服务对象,以及回调onCreate()方法, 紧接再次经过多次调用回到system_server来执行serviceDoneExecuting.

最终在serviceDoneExecutingLocked中移除服务超时消息SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG

private void serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean inDestroying, boolean finishing) 
    ...
    if (r.executeNesting <= 0) 
        if (r.app != null) 
            r.app.execServicesFg = false;
            r.app.executingServices.remove(r);
            if (r.app.executingServices.size() == 0) 
                //当前服务所在进程中没有正在执行的service
                mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r.app);
        ...
    
    ...

引爆炸弹阶段:在system_server进程中有一个Handler线程, 名叫”ActivityManager”.当倒计时结束便会向该Handler线程发送 一条信息SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG

void serviceTimeout(ProcessRecord proc) 
    String anrMessage = null;


    synchronized(mAm) 
        if (proc.executingServices.size() == 0 || proc.thread == null) 
            return;
        
        final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        final long maxTime =  now -
                (proc.execServicesFg ? SERVICE_TIMEOUT : SERVICE_BACKGROUND_TIMEOUT);
        ServiceRecord timeout = null;
        long nextTime = 0;
        for (int i=proc.executingServices.size()-1; i>=0; i--) 
            ServiceRecord sr = proc.executingServices.valueAt(i);
            if (sr.executingStart < maxTime) 
                timeout = sr;
                break;
            
            if (sr.executingStart > nextTime) 
                nextTime = sr.executingStart;
            
        
        if (timeout != null && mAm.mLruProcesses.contains(proc)) 
            Slog.w(TAG, "Timeout executing service: " + timeout);
            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            PrintWriter pw = new FastPrintWriter(sw, false, 1024);
            pw.println(timeout);
            timeout.dump(pw, " ");
            pw.close();
            mLastAnrDump = sw.toString();
            mAm.mHandler.removeCallbacks(mLastAnrDumpClearer);
            mAm.mHandler.postDelayed(mLastAnrDumpClearer, LAST_ANR_LIFETIME_DURATION_MSECS);
            anrMessage = "executing service " + timeout.shortName;
        
    


    if (anrMessage != null) 
        //当存在timeout的service,则执行appNotResponding
        mAm.appNotResponding(proc, null, null, false, anrMessage);
    

其中anrMessage的内容为”executing service [发送超时serviceRecord信息]”

2, BroadcastReceiver Timeout是位于”ActivityManager”线程中的BroadcastQueue.BroadcastHandler收到BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。

对于广播队列有两个: foreground队列和background队列:

  • 对于前台广播,则超时为BROADCAST_FG_TIMEOUT = 10s;

  • 对于后台广播,则超时为BROADCAST_BG_TIMEOUT = 60s ;

埋炸弹阶段:

通过调用 BroadcastQueue.processNextBroadcast() 来处理广播.其流程为先处理并行广播,再处理当前有序广播,最后获取并处理下条有序广播

final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) 
    synchronized(mService) 
        ...
        //part 2: 处理当前有序广播
        do 
            r = mOrderedBroadcasts.get(0);
            //获取所有该广播所有的接收者
            int numReceivers = (r.receivers != null) ? r.receivers.size() : 0;
            if (mService.mProcessesReady && r.dispatchTime > 0) 
                long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                if ((numReceivers > 0) &&
                        (now > r.dispatchTime + (2*mTimeoutPeriod*numReceivers))) 
                    //当广播处理时间超时,则强制结束这条广播
                    broadcastTimeoutLocked(false);
                    ...
                
            
            if (r.receivers == null || r.nextReceiver >= numReceivers
                    || r.resultAbort || forceReceive) 
                if (r.resultTo != null) 
                    //处理广播消息消息
                    performReceiveLocked(r.callerApp, r.resultTo,
                        new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
                        r.resultData, r.resultExtras, false, false, r.userId);
                    r.resultTo = null;
                
                //拆炸弹
                cancelBroadcastTimeoutLocked();
            
         while (r == null);
        ...


        //part 3: 获取下条有序广播
        r.receiverTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        if (!mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage) 
            long timeoutTime = r.receiverTime + mTimeoutPeriod;
            //埋炸弹
            setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(timeoutTime);
        
        ...
    

对于广播超时处理时机:

  1. 首先在part3的过程中setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(timeoutTime) 设置超时广播消息;

  2. 然后在part2根据广播处理情况来处理:

  • 当广播接收者等待时间过长,则调用broadcastTimeoutLocked(false);

  • 当执行完广播,则调用cancelBroadcastTimeoutLocked;

final void setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(long timeoutTime) 
    if (! mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage) 
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG, this);
        mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, timeoutTime);
        mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage = true;
    

设置定时广播BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG,即当前往后推mTimeoutPeriod时间广播还没处理完毕,则进入广播超时流程。

拆炸弹阶段:

在processNextBroadcast()过程, 执行完performReceiveLocked,便会拆除炸弹.

final void cancelBroadcastTimeoutLocked() 
    if (mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage) 
        mHandler.removeMessages(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG, this);
        mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage = false;
    

引爆炸弹阶段:

BroadcastHandler.handleMessage

不会引爆的四种情况

  1. mOrderedBroadcasts已处理完成,则不会anr;

  2. 正在执行dexopt,则不会anr;

  3. 系统还没有进入ready状态(mProcessesReady=false),则不会anr;

  4. 如果当前正在执行的receiver没有超时,则重新设置广播超时,不会anr;

总结:

当出现ANR时,都是会调用到AMS.appNotResponding()方法

Timeout时长

  • 对于前台服务,则超时为SERVICE_TIMEOUT = 20s;

  • 对于后台服务,则超时为SERVICE_BACKGROUND_TIMEOUT = 200s

  • 对于前台广播,则超时为BROADCAST_FG_TIMEOUT = 10s;

  • 对于后台广播,则超时为BROADCAST_BG_TIMEOUT = 60s;

  • ContentProvider超时为CONTENT_PROVIDER_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT = 10s;

超时检测

Service超时检测机制:

  • 超过timeout时长没有执行完相应操作来触发移除延时消息,则会触发anr;

BroadcastReceiver超时检测机制:

  • 有序广播的总执行时间超过 2* receiver个数 * timeout时长,则会触发anr;

  • 有序广播的某一个receiver执行过程超过 timeout时长,则会触发anr;

另外:

  • 对于Service, Broadcast, Input发生ANR之后,最终都会调用AMS.appNotResponding;

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