用多态替换条件
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我试图用一个例子来理解这个干净的代码实践。考虑具有折扣开关案例的类产品。我试图用多态替换switch语句。
代码之前:
class Product {
String priceCode;
int discount;
Product(String priceCode) {
setDiscount(priceCode);
}
public int getDiscount() {
return discount;
}
public void setDiscount(String priceCode) {
switch (priceCode) {
case "CODE1":
discount = // some logic;
case "CODE2":
discount = // some other logic;
case "CODE3":
discount = // some other logic;
}
}
}
在下面的代码中你可以看到我删除了switch语句但是我仍然有条件来创建discountStrategy的对象。我的问题是,我仍然有条件,我试图删除多态性。
代码后:
class Product {
String priceCode;
DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;
Product(String priceCode) {
setDiscount(priceCode);
}
public int getDiscount() {
return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
}
public void setDiscount(String priceCode) {
if (priceCode.equals("CODE1")) {
discountStrategy = new DiscountStrategy1();
} else if (priceCode.equals("CODE2")) {
discountStrategy = new DiscountStrategy2();
}
// ...
}
}
interface DiscountStrategy {
public int getDiscount();
}
class DiscountStrategy1 implements DiscountStrategy {
public int getDiscount() {
// calculate & return discount;
}
}
class DiscountStrategy2 implements DiscountStrategy {
public int getDiscount() {
// calculate & return discount;
}
}
class DiscountStrategy3 implements DiscountStrategy {
public int getDiscount() {
// calculate & return discount;
}
}
你可以通过更好地实现这个例子来帮助我理解这个概念吗?
答案
我认为Product class一定不了解折扣创建过程,它应该只使用折扣。所以,我的建议是创建一个带有Map的折扣工厂,它将包含不同的折扣实现:
class DiscountFactory {
private static final Map<String, DiscountStrategy> strategies = new HashMap<>();
private static final DiscountStrategy DEFAULT_STRATEGY = () -> 0;
static {
strategies.put("code1", () -> 10);
strategies.put("code2", () -> 20);
}
public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy(String priceCode) {
if (!strategies.containsKey(priceCode)) {
return DEFAULT_STRATEGY;
}
return strategies.get(priceCode);
}
}
之后,Product类可以简化:
class Product {
private DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;
Product(DiscountStrategy discountStrategy) {
this.discountStrategy = discountStrategy;
}
public int getDiscount() {
return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
}
}
功能接口允许您使用lambda表达式创建不同的实现:
interface DiscountStrategy {
int getDiscount();
}
最后,将产品与折扣一起使用的示例:
DiscountFactory factory = new DiscountFactory();
Product product = new Product(factory.getDiscountStrategy("code1"));
另一答案
我的两分钱:你需要将参数传递给discount()
方法。
一个。创建一个HashMap
的静态类级别DiscountStrategy
。例如:
map.put("CODE1", new DiscountStrategy1());
map.put("CODE2", new DiscountStrategy2());
湾无论您需要什么,您都可以使用:
map.get(priceCode).discount()
另一答案
这是你需要做的
class Product {
String priceCode;
DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;
HashMap<String, DiscountStrategy> map=new HashMap();
Product(String priceCode) {
map.put("CODE1", new DiscountStrategy1());
map.put("CODE2", new DiscountStrategy2());
map.put("CODE3", new DiscountStrategy3());
setDiscount(priceCode);
}
public void setDiscount(String priceCode){
discountStrategy=map.get(priceCode);
}
public int getDiscount() {
return discountStrategy.getDiscount();
}
}
另一答案
当您的示例中似乎是这种情况时,折扣策略绑定到特定的产品类型,我会在订单商品级别计算折扣。例如:
class Product {
double basePrice;
DiscountStrategy discountStrategy;
...
public double getBasePrice() {
return basePrice;
}
public DiscountStrategy getDiscountStrategy() {
return discountStrategy;
}
}
interface DiscountStrategy {
public double calculate(int quantity, Product product);
}
class OrderItem {
int quantity;
Product product;
public double getAmount() {
DiscountStrategy ds = product.getDiscountStrategy();
double discount = ds.calculate(quantity, product);
return quantity*(product.getBasePrice() - discount);
}
}
折扣策略示例:数量折扣:
class QuantityRateDiscount implements DiscountStrategy {
static class QuantityRate {
final int minQuantity;
final double rate; // in %
QuantityRate(int minQuantity, double rate) {
this.minQuantity = minQuantity;
this.rate = rate;
}
}
QuantityRate[] rateTable;
// rateTable must be sorted by ascending minQuantity
QuantityRateDiscount(QuantityRate... rateTable) {
this.rateTable = rateRable.clone();
}
@Override
public double calculate(int quantity, Product product) {
QuantityRate qr = null;
for (QuantityRate qr2: rateTable) {
if (qr2.minQuantity > quantity) {
break;
}
qr = qr2;
}
if (qr != null) {
return product.getBasePrice()*qr.rate/100.0;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
}
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