将值从字符串转换为流时出错
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我想序列化一个自定义对象:
public class MyCustomObject
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public DateTime Date { get; set; }
public List<HttpPostedFileBase> Files { get; set; }
public MyCustomObject()
{
Files = new List<HttpPostedFileBase>();
}
}
在json。为此,我使用自定义转换器:
public class HttpPostedFileConverter : JsonConverter
{
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var stream = (Stream)value;
using (var sr = new BinaryReader(stream))
{
var buffer = sr.ReadBytes((int)stream.Length);
writer.WriteValue(Convert.ToBase64String(buffer));
}
}
我使用JsonSerializerSettings序列化到json.net知道哪个类型的工具(对于HttpPostedFileBase)。
var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
settings.Converters.Add(new HttpPostedFileConverter());
settings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects;
该对象已正确序列化,但序列化时出现此错误:
JsonSerializationException Error converting value "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAIBAQEBAQIBAQECAgICAgQDAgICAgUEBAMEBgUGBgYFBgYGBwkIBgcJBwYGCAsICQoKCgoKBggLDAsKDA
这是我序列化对象的值:
{
"$type": "ConsoleApplication1.MyCustomObject, ConsoleApplication1",
"Name": "Test2",
"Date": "2016-11-03T12:35:14.6020154+01:00",
"Files": [
{
"$type": "System.Web.HttpPostedFileWrapper, System.Web",
"ContentLength": 1024,
"FileName": "Pannigale.jpg",
"ContentType": "image/jpg",
"InputStream": "/9j/4AAQ...KKAP//Z"
}
]
}
反序列化有什么问题?
编辑我测试了一个类来测试...现在它的工作原理:
public class TestHttpFile : HttpPostedFileBase
{
string fullFileName = @"C:PicturesSBK-1299-Panigale-S_2015_Studio_R_B01_1920x1080.mediagallery_output_image_[1920x1080].jpg";
public override int ContentLength
{
get
{
return 1024;
}
}
public override string FileName
{
get
{
return "Pannigale.jpg";
}
}
public override string ContentType
{
get
{
return "image/jpg";
}
}
public override Stream InputStream
{
get
{
return File.OpenRead(fullFileName);
}
}
}
在序列化中,我注意到了这种差异:
"$type": "ConsoleApplication1.TestHttpFile, ConsoleApplication1",
代替
"$type": "System.Web.HttpPostedFileWrapper, System.Web",
但最后我不想创建一个包装器或其他......我不明白为什么它适用于这种类型而不是HttpPostedFileWrapper
。
为什么反序列化失败
简而言之:您尝试反序列化的类型,即HttpPostedFileWrapper
及其潜在的HttpPostedFile
,不是可公开构建的。
大概你的HttpPostedFileConverter
实际上是一个流转换器,并且工作原理如下:
public class StreamConverter : JsonConverter
{
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return typeof(Stream).IsAssignableFrom(objectType);
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
return null;
var bytes = serializer.Deserialize<byte[]>(reader);
return new MemoryStream(bytes);
}
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var stream = (Stream)value;
var bytes = stream.ReadAllBytesAndReposition();
serializer.Serialize(writer, bytes);
}
}
public static class StreamExtensions
{
public static byte[] ReadAllBytesAndReposition(this Stream stream)
{
const int bufferSize = 4096;
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
int count;
var position = stream.CanSeek ? stream.Position : (long?)null;
while ((count = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
ms.Write(buffer, 0, count);
if (position != null)
{
// Restore position
stream.Position = position.Value;
}
return ms.ToArray();
}
}
}
在这种情况下,我可以为你的MyCustomObject
类生成类似于你的JSON,假设我还在序列化器设置中设置了TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto
。但是,反序列化将失败,因为具体类型System.Web.HttpPostedFileWrapper
只有一个构造函数,它需要一个HttpPostedFile
。来自reference source:
public class HttpPostedFileWrapper : HttpPostedFileBase {
private HttpPostedFile _file;
public HttpPostedFileWrapper(HttpPostedFile httpPostedFile) {
if (httpPostedFile == null) {
throw new ArgumentNullException("httpPostedFile");
}
_file = httpPostedFile;
}
由于构造函数是公共的,Json.NET将调用它,但由于JSON中没有名为httpPostedFile
的属性,它将为该值传递null
,从而导致抛出ArgumentNullException
。
这将我们带到下一个问题:HttpPostedFile
没有公共构造函数。相反,要直接创建一个,您必须通过反射调用几个不同的Microsoft内部方法,如How to instantiate a HttpPostedFile中所示。因此,即使你为custom JsonConverter
创建了HttpPostedFileWrapper
,在内部构造必要的HttpPostedFile
也是非常棘手的。 Json.NET肯定不能自动完成。
那么,你有什么选择?
选项1:创建自己的HttpPostedFilesBase
子类型
您可以创建自己的HttpPostedFilesBase
子类型,可以成功序列化和反序列化,然后在序列化期间使用适当的HttpPostedFilesBase
将JsonConverter
的所有实例映射到此类型。以下类型MemoryHttpPostedFile
执行此操作:
public sealed class MemoryHttpPostedFile : HttpPostedFileBase
{
readonly string contentType;
readonly string fileName;
readonly MemoryStream inputStream;
public MemoryHttpPostedFile(string contentType, string fileName, [JsonConverter(typeof(StreamConverter))] MemoryStream inputStream)
{
if (inputStream == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("inputStream");
this.contentType = contentType;
this.fileName = fileName;
this.inputStream = inputStream;
}
public override int ContentLength { get { return (int)inputStream.Length; } }
public override string ContentType { get { return contentType; } }
public override string FileName { get { return fileName; } }
[JsonConverter(typeof(StreamConverter))]
public override Stream InputStream { get { return inputStream; } }
//TODO: implement SaveAs()
public override void SaveAs(string filename)
{
// Implement based on HttpPostedFile.SaveAs()
// https://referencesource.microsoft.com/#System.Web/HttpPostedFile.cs,678e7f8bc95c149f
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
public class HttpPostedFileBaseConverter : JsonConverter
{
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return typeof(HttpPostedFileBase).IsAssignableFrom(objectType)
&& !typeof(MemoryHttpPostedFile).IsAssignableFrom(objectType);
}
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var postedFile = (HttpPostedFileBase)value;
// Save position
var wrapper = new MemoryHttpPostedFile(postedFile.ContentType, postedFile.FileName, new MemoryStream(postedFile.InputStream.ReadAllBytesAndReposition()));
serializer.Serialize(writer, wrapper);
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
return null;
var wrapper = serializer.Deserialize<MemoryHttpPostedFile>(reader);
return wrapper;
}
}
由于HttpPostedFilesBase
的所有子类型都映射到MemoryHttpPostedFile
,因此不再需要设置TypeNameHandling.Auto
。注意我在本答案前面使用的是StreamConverter
和StreamExtensions
。
将转换器添加到如下设置:
var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings
{
Converters = new JsonConverter[] { new HttpPostedFileBaseConverter() },
Formatting = Formatting.Indented,
};
选项2:实际上序列化和反序列化HttpPostedFileWrapper
要做到这一点,我们需要使用this answer中How to instantiate a HttpPostedFile相当精细和“hacky”的代码到paracycle,如下所示:
public class HttpPostedFileBaseConverter : JsonConverter
{
class HttpPostedFileSurrogate
{
public string ContentType { get; set; }
public string FileName { get; set; }
public byte[] InputStream { get; set; }
}
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return typeof(HttpPostedFileBase).IsAssignableFrom(objectType);
}
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var wrapper = (HttpPostedFileWrapper)value;
// Save position
var surrogate = new HttpPostedFileSurrogate
{
ContentType = wrapper.ContentType,
FileName = wrapper.FileName,
InputStream = wrapper.InputStream.ReadAllBytesAndReposition(),
};
serializer.Serialize(writer, surrogate);
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Null)
return null;
var surrogate = serializer.Deserialize<HttpPostedFileSurrogate>(reader);
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