awk脚本读取每行中具有不同字段数的输入文件

Posted 2021-05-06

输入文件在每行中具有不同的字段数。

有没有办法用awk获得预期的输出？

awk -F',' '{print "echo "$1; for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print "command1 "$i " command2"}' test.txt

的test.txt

"abc",4,21,22,25
"standard",1 
"test",4,5,10,11,12

输出：

echo "abc"
command1 4 command2
command1 21 command2
command1 22 command2
command1 25 command2
echo "standard"
command1 1 command2
echo "test"
command1 4 command2
command1 5 command2
command1 10 command2
command1 11 command2
command1 12 command2

预期产出：

echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1 command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

答案

这里不使用循环的另一种方法。

awk -F, '
/^"/ && prev{
  print prev
  prev=""
}
{
  gsub(/,/,"
echo "  $1  " command1 ")
}
{
  gsub(/$/," command2")
  prev=$0
  sub(/.*"
/,"",prev)
  gsub(/
/," command2
",prev)
}
END{
  if(prev){
    print prev
  }
}'   Input_file

输出如下。

echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

另一答案

请试试这个：

awk -F, '{for (i=2;i<=NF;i++) print "echo", $1, "command1", $i, "command2"}'

例如：

$ cat file
"abc",4,21,22,25
"standard",1
"test",4,5,10,11,12

$ awk -F, '{for (i=2;i<=NF;i++) print "echo", $1, "command1", $i, "command2"}' file
echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

默认的OFS是一个空格，所以我只使用逗号分隔需要打印的不同内容。

为了好玩，GNU sed解决方案：

sed -r '/,/!d;/,/{s/([^,]*),([^,]*)/"echo" 1 "command1" 2 "command2"
1/; P; D;}'

另一个类似awk的noloop RavinderSingh13's answer方法，但简洁：

awk -F, '{gsub(/,/,"
echo " $1 " command1 ");sub(/[^
]*
/,"");gsub(/
|$/," command2
");printf $0}' file

另一答案

只需将echo语句放在for循环中即可

$ awk -F',' '{for (i = 2; i <= NF; i++) print "echo "$1  " command1 "$i " command2"}' test.txt
echo "abc" command1 4 command2
echo "abc" command1 21 command2
echo "abc" command1 22 command2
echo "abc" command1 25 command2
echo "standard" command1 1  command2
echo "test" command1 4 command2
echo "test" command1 5 command2
echo "test" command1 10 command2
echo "test" command1 11 command2
echo "test" command1 12 command2

$