导入具有GPU支持的TensorFlow时DLL加载失败

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我试图在Windows 10上安装带有GPU支持的TensorFlow，但导入时出现错误（如下所示）。 CPU版本工作正常。

我有

  • 通过pip安装tensorflow-gpu
  • 使用GeForce Experience更新了我的GTX 1050的NVidia驱动程序
  • 使用NVidia的网络安装程序安装了CUDA 10.1
  • installed cuDNN 7.5.0.56，负责复制正确的CUDA文件夹中的每个文件
  • installed TensorRT 5.1.2.2通过zip方法再次复制CUDA中的相关DLL

这是错误：

> python
Python 3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libimp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libimp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflow\__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow  # pylint: disable=unused-import
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpython\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packages	ensorflowpythonpywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libimp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "C:UsersuserAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libimp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

我的PATH环境变量（我删除了所有非Microsoft和非NVidia条目）：

> echo $env:PATH.Split(';')
C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1in
C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1libnvvp
C:Program FilesMicrosoft MPIBin
C:WINDOWSsystem32
C:WINDOWS
C:WINDOWSSystem32Wbem
C:WINDOWSSystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
C:WINDOWSSystem32OpenSSH
C:Program FilesMicrosoft SQL Server130ToolsBinn
C:Program Filesdotnet
C:Program Files (x86)dotnet
C:Program Files (x86)NVIDIA CorporationPhysXCommon
C:Program FilesNVIDIA CorporationNsight Compute 2019.1
C:Program FilesNVIDIA CorporationNVIDIA NvDLISR
C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1extrasCUPTIlib64
C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1include
C:Program FilesTensorRT-5.1.2.2lib
C:Program FilesTensorRT-5.1.2.2in
C:	oolscudain

TensorRT安装在C:Program FilesTensorRT-5.1.2.2中。

CUDA bin文件夹的内容：

PS C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1in> ls


    Directory: C:Program FilesNVIDIA GPU Computing ToolkitCUDAv10.1in


Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----
d-----       18/04/2019     12:39                crt
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         202752 bin2c.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       74850816 cublas64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       36055552 cublasLt64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         374272 cuda-memcheck.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        4320256 cudafe++.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         339968 cudart32_101.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         408064 cudart64_101.dll
-a----       18/04/2019     15:19      392566784 cudnn64_7.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57      115644416 cufft64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         225792 cufftw64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        4785664 cuinj64_101.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        2074624 cuobjdump.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       49030656 curand64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57      171052032 cusolver64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       87930368 cusparse64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         285184 fatbinary.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        1323008 gpu-library-advisor.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         233472 nppc64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       10049024 nppial64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        3719680 nppicc64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        1003008 nppicom64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        7227904 nppidei64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       46016512 nppif64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       24603136 nppig64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        5848064 nppim64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       17426944 nppist64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         194560 nppisu64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        2610688 nppitc64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        8202240 npps64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         247296 nvblas64_10.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         384000 nvcc.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57            310 nvcc.profile
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       22919168 nvdisasm.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57      149298688 nvgraph64_10.dll
-a----       18/04/2019     16:46      131539456 nvinfer.dll
-a----       18/04/2019     16:46        3663360 nvinfer_plugin.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        5960192 nvlink.exe
-a----       18/04/2019     16:46        4457472 nvonnxparser.dll
-a----       18/04/2019     16:46        2447872 nvparsers.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        4243456 nvprof.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57         221696 nvprune.exe
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        4580352 nvrtc-builtins64_101.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57       15659520 nvrtc64_101_0.dll
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57             53 nvvp.bat
-a----       09/02/2019     06:57        5838336 ptxas.exe

和C: ools的内容：

PS C:	ools> tree /F
Folder PATH listing
Volume serial number is 6A54-3EA7
C:.
└───cuda
    │   NVIDIA_SLA_cuDNN_Support.txt
    │
    ├───bin
    │       cudnn64_7.dll
    │
    ├───include
    │       cudnn.h
    │
    └───lib
        └───x64
                cudnn.lib
答案

问题是我安装了CUDA 10.1而不是10.0。 TensorFlow尚未与10.1兼容。

另一答案

是的，某些版本的TensorFlow不支持CUDA 10.1，在这种情况下，CUDA 10.0或更低版本将解决您的问题。

另一答案

这就是我如何解决它，如果你使用pip或pip3，你第一次成功的机会就会减少。

  • 卸载Python，CUDA，CuNN，Tensorflow-gpu（如果已安装）
  • 安装ANACONDA或MINICONDA
  • 打开ANACONDA提示符并运行以下命令：

conda create --name tf_gpu tensorflow-gpu

  • 这将创建一个环境tf_gpu，它将安装Python，CUDA，CuNN和Tensorflow的所有兼容版本
  • 安装完所有软件包后，打开ANACONDA提示符并输入以下命令

conda激活tf_gpu

  • 这会将conda'（base）'更改为'（tf_gpu）'环境
  • 然后像往常一样键入python以激活python提示符
  • 如果要停用'tf_gpu'环境

conda停用

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