50个Android开发技巧(03 自己定义ViewGroup)
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问题:怎样创建一个例如以下图所看到的的布局?
图1
(原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi/article/details/24415537)
图1
(原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi/article/details/24415537)
你可能会说,利用RelativeLayout和margins就能够实现。的确,例如以下XML代码能够简单地构建一个类似的布局:
图2
project文件夹结构:
(原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi/article/details/24415537)
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width= "fill_parent" android:layout_height= "fill_parent" > <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" android:background ="#FF0000" /> <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" android:layout_marginLeft ="30dp" android:layout_marginTop ="20dp" android:background ="#00FF00" /> <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" android:layout_marginLeft ="60dp" android:layout_marginTop ="40dp" android:background ="#0000FF" /> </RelativeLayout>效果如图2:
图2
可是当遇到复杂、要求可变的类似布局时,利用margins可能就会显得操作非常繁杂。
在此,我们来看还有一种创建类似上图布局的方式---自己定义ViewGroup
优点有下面几点:
- 当你将这个布局应用到不同Activity中时更加easy维护
- 能够利用自己定义属性来自己定义ViewGroup中的每一个子View
- 更加简洁可读的XML文件内容
- 假设须要改变margin的时候。不须要手动的去计算每一个子View的margin
一、理解Android绘制一个View的步骤
关于绘制View的步骤。能够參见Android官方文档:http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/how-android-draws.html
在此,我们重点来关注ViewGroup的绘制过程:
1.处理ViewGroup的width和height.
处理width及height的操作在onMeasure()方法中进行,在此方法内。ViewGroup会依据它的子View来计算自身所占用的布局空间。
2.布局到页面上
这点操作在onLayout()方法中进行,在此方法中,ViewGroup会依据从onMeasure()中得到的信息将其每个子View绘制出来。
二、构建CascadeLayout类
首先在XML布局文件里加入CascadeLayout:
<FrameLayout <!--自己定义命名空间,以便在下文中使用自己定义的属性--> xmlns:cascade ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.manning.androidhacks.hack003" xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width= "fill_parent" android:layout_height= "fill_parent" > <com.manning.androidhacks.hack003.view.CascadeLayout android:layout_width ="fill_parent" android:layout_height ="fill_parent" cascade:horizontal_spacing ="30dp"<!--由于前面加入了cascade命名空间,所以此处能够使用自己定义属性--> cascade:vertical_spacing ="20dp" > <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" cascade:layout_vertical_spacing ="90dp"<!--为子View加入的自己定义属性,将在本文第三部分用到--> android:background ="#FF0000" /> <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" android:background ="#00FF00" /> <View android:layout_width ="100dp" android:layout_height ="150dp" android:background ="#0000FF" /> </com.manning.androidhacks.hack003.view.CascadeLayout> </FrameLayout>
要使用这些自己定义的属性,我们必需要定义它。
在res/values目录下创建一个attrs.xml文件:
<? xml version ="1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?> <resources> <declare-styleable name= "CascadeLayout" > <attr name= "horizontal_spacing" format = "dimension" /> <attr name= "vertical_spacing" format = "dimension" /> </declare-styleable> </resources>
然后。当我们在创建CascadeLayout且没有为其指定horizontal_spacing与vertical_spacing时,须要有一个默认值。
我们将这个默认值预先定义好并存放在res/values目录下的dimens.xml中:
<?xml version ="1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?
> <resources> <dimen name= "cascade_horizontal_spacing" >10dp</dimen> <dimen name= "cascade_vertical_spacing" >10dp</dimen> </resources>
最后,我们须要创建一个名为CascadeLayout的Java类。它继承了ViewGroup并重写了onMeasure()与OnLayout()方法。
1.CascadeLayout的构造函数
public CascadeLayout (Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super( context, attrs); TypedArray a = context .obtainStyledAttributes (attrs , R. styleable. CascadeLayout ); try { mHorizontalSpacing = a. getDimensionPixelSize( R. styleable. CascadeLayout_horizontal_spacing , getResources ().getDimensionPixelSize ( R. dimen. cascade_horizontal_spacing )); mVerticalSpacing = a. getDimensionPixelSize( R. styleable. CascadeLayout_vertical_spacing , getResources () .getDimensionPixelSize (R .dimen .cascade_vertical_spacing )); } finally { a .recycle (); }
2.构建自己定义的LayoutParams类
LayoutParams类将作为CascadeLayout的内部类存在,它将存储每一个子View的x。y坐标。定义例如以下:
public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup .LayoutParams { int x; int y; public LayoutParams( Context context , AttributeSet attrs) { super (context , attrs ); } public LayoutParams( int w , int h ) { super (w , h ); } }
3.重写onMeasure()方法
onMeasure()方法将是CascadeLayout类中最关键的部分,这种方法不仅计算整个ViewGroup所占用的布局空间。还将计算出每一个子View所占用的布局空间。
@Override protected void onMeasure (int widthMeasureSpec , int heightMeasureSpec ) { int width = 0; int height = getPaddingTop (); final int count = getChildCount (); for ( int i = 0; i < count; i++) { View child = getChildAt (i ); measureChild (child , widthMeasureSpec , heightMeasureSpec ); LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams ) child .getLayoutParams (); width = getPaddingLeft () + mHorizontalSpacing * i; lp .x = width; lp .y = height; width += child .getMeasuredWidth (); height += mVerticalSpacing ; } width += getPaddingRight (); height += getChildAt (getChildCount () - 1). getMeasuredHeight () + getPaddingBottom (); setMeasuredDimension ( resolveSize( width, widthMeasureSpec ), resolveSize( height, heightMeasureSpec )); }
4.最后一步,重写onLayout()方法
代码非常easy,就是让每一个子View都调用layout()方法。
@Override protected void onLayout (boolean changed, int l , int t , int r , int b ) { final int count = getChildCount (); for ( int i = 0; i < count; i++) { View child = getChildAt (i ); LayoutParams lp = ( LayoutParams ) child .getLayoutParams (); child .layout (lp .x , lp .y , lp .x + child. getMeasuredWidth (), lp .y + child .getMeasuredHeight ()); } }
至此,就利用自己定义的ViewGroup创建了一个和图2一样效果的布局页面。
三、为子View加入自己定义属性
既然费了这么大劲,怎么可能就和之前几行XML代码效果一样?
以下,我们就来为CascadeLayout中的子View加入自己定义属性:
首先,在之前创建的attrs.xml中加入例如以下代码:
<declare-styleable name="CascadeLayout_LayoutParams"> <attr name="layout_vertical_spacing" format="dimension" /> </declare-styleable>
由于这个新加入的属性是以 layout_ 开头的。所以它会被加入到LayoutParams中去。
我们能够在之前自己定义的内部类LayoutParams中的构造函数中读取到这个属性,将第一个构造函数改为:
public LayoutParams (Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super (context , attrs ); TypedArray a = context .obtainStyledAttributes (attrs , R. styleable. CascadeLayout_LayoutParams ); try { verticalSpacing = a .getDimensionPixelSize ( R .styleable .CascadeLayout_LayoutParams_layout_vertical_spacing , -1 ); } finally { a .recycle (); } }
既然加入了新的自己定义属性。就必须在onMeasure()方法中对其加以处理:
@Override protected void onMeasure (int widthMeasureSpec , int heightMeasureSpec ) { int width = getPaddingLeft (); int height = getPaddingTop (); int verticalSpacing ; final int count = getChildCount (); for ( int i = 0; i < count; i++) { verticalSpacing = mVerticalSpacing ; View child = getChildAt (i ); measureChild (child , widthMeasureSpec , heightMeasureSpec ); LayoutParams lp = ( LayoutParams ) child .getLayoutParams (); width = getPaddingLeft () + mHorizontalSpacing * i; lp .x = width; lp .y = height; if (lp .verticalSpacing >= 0 ) { verticalSpacing = lp .verticalSpacing ; } width += child .getMeasuredWidth (); height += verticalSpacing ; } width += getPaddingRight (); height += getChildAt (getChildCount () - 1). getMeasuredHeight () + getPaddingBottom (); setMeasuredDimension ( resolveSize( width, widthMeasureSpec ), resolveSize( height, heightMeasureSpec )); }
最后附上完整的CascadeLayout代码:
package com.manning.androidhacks.hack003.view; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewGroup; import com.manning.androidhacks.hack003.R; public class CascadeLayout extends ViewGroup { private int mHorizontalSpacing; private int mVerticalSpacing; public CascadeLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CascadeLayout); try { mHorizontalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize( R.styleable.CascadeLayout_horizontal_spacing, getResources().getDimensionPixelSize( R.dimen.cascade_horizontal_spacing)); mVerticalSpacing = a.getDimensionPixelSize( R.styleable.CascadeLayout_vertical_spacing, getResources() .getDimensionPixelSize(R.dimen.cascade_vertical_spacing)); } finally { a.recycle(); } } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { int width = getPaddingLeft(); int height = getPaddingTop(); int verticalSpacing; final int count = getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { verticalSpacing = mVerticalSpacing; View child = getChildAt(i); measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); width = getPaddingLeft() + mHorizontalSpacing * i; lp.x = width; lp.y = height; if (lp.verticalSpacing >= 0) { verticalSpacing = lp.verticalSpacing; } width += child.getMeasuredWidth(); height += verticalSpacing; } width += getPaddingRight(); height += getChildAt(getChildCount() - 1).getMeasuredHeight() + getPaddingBottom(); setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(width, widthMeasureSpec), resolveSize(height, heightMeasureSpec)); } @Override protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) { final int count = getChildCount(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { View child = getChildAt(i); LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams(); child.layout(lp.x, lp.y, lp.x + child.getMeasuredWidth(), lp.y + child.getMeasuredHeight()); } } @Override protected boolean checkLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { return p instanceof LayoutParams; } @Override protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() { return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT); } @Override public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) { return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs); } @Override protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) { return new LayoutParams(p.width, p.height); } public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams { int x; int y; public int verticalSpacing; public LayoutParams(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CascadeLayout_LayoutParams); try { verticalSpacing = a .getDimensionPixelSize( R.styleable.CascadeLayout_LayoutParams_layout_vertical_spacing, -1); } finally { a.recycle(); } } public LayoutParams(int w, int h) { super(w, h); } } }
project文件夹结构:
(原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/vector_yi/article/details/24415537)
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