drf 序列化 反序列化

Posted zrh-960906

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准备:

 配置:settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    rest_framework,
]

DATABASES = {
    default: {
        ENGINE: django.db.backends.mysql,
        NAME: dg_proj,
        USER: root,
        PASSWORD: 123,
    }
}

LANGUAGE_CODE = zh-hans
TIME_ZONE = Asia/Shanghai
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False

MEDIA_URL = /media/
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, media)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 全局配置异常模块
    EXCEPTION_HANDLER: api.exception.exception_handler,
}

任何__init__文件

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

主路由

from django.views.static import serve
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^admin/, admin.site.urls),
    url(r^api/, include(api.urls)),
    url(r^media/(?P<path>.*), serve, {document_root:settings.MEDIA_ROOT}),
]

子路由

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^books/$,views.Book.as_view()),
    url(r^books/(?P<pk>.*)/$,views.Book.as_view()),
]

model 类  多表设计

# 基表
class BaseModel(models.Model):
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    # 作为基表的model不能在数据库形成对应的表,设置abstract=True
    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Book(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
    img = models.ImageField(upload_to=img, default=img/default.jpg)
    publish = models.ForeignKey(
        to=Publish,
        db_constraint=False,  # 断关联
        related_name=books,  # 反向查询字段:publish_obj.books 就能访问所有出版的书
        on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,  # 设置连表操作关系
    )
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(
        to=Author,
        db_constraint=False,
        related_name=books
    )
    
    @property
    def publish_name(self):
        return self.publish.name

    @property
    def author_list(self):
        return self.authors.values(name, age, detail__mobile).all()

    class Meta:
        db_table = book
        verbose_name = 书籍
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Publish(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    class Meta:
        db_table = publish
        verbose_name = 出版社
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Author(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    class Meta:
        db_table = author
        verbose_name = 作者
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
    mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    author = models.OneToOneField(
        to=Author,
        db_constraint=False,
        related_name=detail,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
    )

    class Meta:
        db_table = author_detail
        verbose_name = 作者详情
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
    def __str__(self):
        return %s的详情 % self.author.name

admin.py 中注册

from . import models

admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.AuthorDetail)
admin.site.register(models.Book)
admin.site.register(models.Publish)

序列化

  序列化层:api/serializers.py

from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer,SerializerMethodField
from rest_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from . import models
# 可以单独作为Publish接口的序列化类,也可以作为Book序列化外键publish辅助的序列化组件
class PublishModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Publish
        fields = (name, address)

class BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    # 自定义连表深度,子序列化方式 该方式不能参与反序列化,使用在序列化反序列化共存时
    publish = PublishModelSerializer()

    class Meta:
        # 序列化类关联的model类
        model = models.Book
        # 参与序列化的字段
        fields = {name,price,img,author_list,publish}

视图层:api/views.py

class Book(APIView):
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get(pk)
        if pk:
            try:
                book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk, is_delete=False)
                book_data = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data
            except:
                return Response({
                    status: 1,
                    msg: 书籍不存在
                })
        else:
            book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
            book_data = serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_query,many=True).data
        return Response({
            status: 0,
            msg: ok,
            results:book_data
        })

反序列化

路由层:api/urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r^books/$,views.Book.as_view()),
    url(r^books/(?P<pk>.*)/$,views.Book.as_view()),
]

序列化层:api/serializers.py

class BookModelDeserializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = {name,price,publish,authors}
        # extra_kwargs 用来完成反序列化字段 系统校验规则
        extra_kwargs = {
            name: {
                required: True,
                min_length: 1,
                error_message: {
                    required: 必填项,
                    min_length: 太短
                }
            }
        }

    # 局部钩子
    def validate_name(self,value):
          # 书名不能含g 字符
        if g in value.lower():
            raise ValidationError(该g书不能出版)
        return value
    # 全局钩子
    def validate(self, attrs):
        publish = attrs.get(publish)
        name = attrs.get(name)
        if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name,publish=publish):
            raise ValidationError({book:该书已存在})
        return attrs

视图层:api/views.py

class Book(APIView):
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        request_data = request.data
        book_ser = serializers.BookModelDeserializer(data=request_data)
        # raise_exception=True:当校验失败,终止当前视图方法,抛出异常返回给前台
        book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        book_obj = book_ser.save()
        return Response({
            status:0,
            msg:ok,
            results:serializers.BookModelDeserializer(book_obj).data
        })

序列化与反序列化整合(重点)

  fields中设置所有序列化与反序列化字段,  extra_kwargs划分只序列化或只反序列化字段
      write_only:只反序列化
      read_only:只序列化
      自定义字段默认只序列化(read_only)

  设置反序列化所需的 系统、局部钩子、全局钩子 等校验规则

class V2BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = {name,price,img,author_list,publish_name, publish, authors}
        extra_kwargs = {
            name:{
                required: True,
                min_length: 1,
                error_messages: {
                    required:必填项,
                    min_length: 太短,
                }
            },
            publish:{
                write_only:True
            },
            authors: {
                write_only: True
            },
            img: {
                read_only: True,
            },
            author_list: {
                read_only: True,
            },
            publish_name: {
                read_only: True,
            }
        }
    def validate_name(self,value):
        if g in value.lower():
            raise ValidationError(该g书不能出版)
        return value

    def validate(self, attrs):
        publish = attrs.get(publish)
        name = attrs.get(name)
        if models.Book.objects.filter(name=name,publish=publish):
            raise ValidationError({book:该书已存在})
        return attrs

视图层:api/views.py

class V2Book(APIView):
  # 单查:有pk  群查: 无pk def
get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): pk = kwargs.get(pk) if pk: try: book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk,is_delete=False) book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_obj).data except: return Response({ status:1, msg:书籍不存在 }) else: book_query = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all() book_data = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_query,many=True).data return Response({ status:0, msg:ok, results:book_data })   单增:传的数据是与model对应的字典
  群增:传的数据是 装多个 model对应字典 的列表 def post(self, request,
*args, **kwargs): request_data = request.data if isinstance(request_data, dict): many = False elif isinstance(request_data,list): many = True else: return Response({ status:1, msg:数据有误 }) book_ser = serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(data=request_data,many=many) book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_result = book_ser.save() return Response({ status: 0, msg: ok, results:serializers.V2BookModelSerializer(book_result,many=many).data }) def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
    # 单删 有pk 群删 无pks pk
= kwargs.get(pk) if pk: pks = [pk] else: pks = request.data.get(pks) if models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks,is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True): return Response({ status:0, msg:删除成功 }) return Response({ status:1, msg:删除失败 })

 

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