NAT网络地址转换——动态地址转换，PAT端口多路复用（实操！！）

Posted 2021-03-25

动态NAT地址转换

实验拓扑图

1，配置sw二层交换机

sw#conf t 
sw(config)#no ip routing        //关闭路由功能
sw(config)#int f1/0
sw(config-if)#speed 100         //配置速率  
sw(config-if)#dup full          //配置全双工模式

2，配置R1路由器，并配置NAT

1）配置路由的接口地址网关

R1#conf t   ##全局模式
R1(config)#int f0/0    ##进入接口 
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0   ##配置接口的地址网关
R1(config-if)#no shut   ##开启
R1(config-if)#int f0/1 
R1(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#ex

2）配置NAT地址转换

R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255         //设定内部地址转化范围
R1(config)#ip nat pool test 12.0.0.10 12.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0          ////设定外部地址转化范围
R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 pool test            //调用ip地址池
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside                 //将NAT应用于内部端口
R1(config-if)#int f0/1
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside                //将NAT应用于外部端口
R1(config-if)#end 

3，配置pc机的ip地址

PC1> ip 192.168.100.10 192.168.100.1  ##配置pc1的ip地址
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.100.10 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1

PC2> ip 192.168.100.20 192.168.100.1 
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 192.168.100.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1

PC3> ip 12.0.0.12 12.0.0.1
Checking for duplicate address...
PC1 : 12.0.0.12 255.255.255.0 gateway 12.0.0.1

4，测试全网互通性，并查看debug地址转换的过程

测试全网互通性

PC1> ping 12.0.0.12
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=31.244 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=31.282 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=46.897 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=46.834 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=31.210 ms

PC2> ping 12.0.0.12
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=46.864 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=46.864 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=31.242 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=31.273 ms
84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=31.208 ms

debug功能查看地址转换的过程

R1#debug ip nat
IP NAT debugging is on
R1#
*Mar  1 00:15:21.287: NAT*: s=192.168.100.10->12.0.0.10, d=12.0.0.12 [55463]
*Mar  1 00:15:21.295: NAT*: s=12.0.0.12, d=12.0.0.10->192.168.100.10 [55463]

//PC1 地址转换成功

R1#
*Mar  1 00:19:12.139: NAT*: s=192.168.100.20->12.0.0.11, d=12.0.0.12 [55693]
*Mar  1 00:19:12.159: NAT*: s=12.0.0.12, d=12.0.0.11->192.168.100.20 [55693]

//PC2 地址转换成功

PAT端口多路复用

实验拓扑图

1，配置sw二层交换机

    sw#conf t
    sw(config)#no ip routing            //关闭路由功能
    sw(config)#int f1/0 
    sw(config-if)#speed 100             //配置速率
    sw(config-if)#dup full              //配置全双工模式
    sw(config-if)#ex

2，配置R1路由器，并配置NAT

    R1#conf t
    R1(config)#int f0/0
    R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shut
    R1(config-if)#int f0/1
    R1(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
    R1(config-if)#no shut
    R1(config-if)#ex
    R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255
    //定义内部访问列表
    R1(config)#ip nat inside source list 1 interface fastEthernet 0/1 overload 
    //设置复用动态IP地址转换于外部接口
    R1(config)#int f0/0
    R1(config-if)#ip nat inside     
    R1(config-if)#int f0/1
    R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
    R1(config-if)#end

3，配置客户机ip地址

    PC1> ip 192.168.100.10 192.168.100.1
    Checking for duplicate address...
    PC1 : 192.168.100.10 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1

    PC2> ip 192.168.100.20 192.168.100.1
    Checking for duplicate address...
    PC1 : 192.168.100.20 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.1

    PC3> ip 12.0.0.12 12.0.0.1
    Checking for duplicate address...
    PC1 : 12.0.0.12 255.255.255.0 gateway 12.0.0.1

4，测试全网互通性，并使用debug查看PAT转换过程

    PC1> ping 12.0.0.12
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=31.242 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=46.864 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=31.280 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=31.241 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=31.241 ms

    R1#debug ip nat
    IP NAT debugging is on
    R1#
    *Mar  1 00:32:57.215: NAT*: s=192.168.100.10->12.0.0.1, d=12.0.0.12 [59174]
    *Mar  1 00:32:57.219: NAT*: s=12.0.0.12, d=12.0.0.1->192.168.100.10 [59174]
    ...
    //私网地址192.168.100.10已转换成功公网地址12.0.0.1,并接收到来自公网主机的回复信息

    PC2> ping 12.0.0.12
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=31.242 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=31.245 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=31.244 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=31.213 ms
    84 bytes from 12.0.0.12 icmp_seq=5 ttl=63 time=31.246 ms

    R1#
    *Mar  1 00:35:15.595: NAT*: s=192.168.100.20->12.0.0.1, d=12.0.0.12 [59312]
    *Mar  1 00:35:15.607: NAT*: s=12.0.0.12, d=12.0.0.1->192.168.100.20 [59312]
    ...
    ////私网地址192.168.100.20已转换成功公网地址12.0.0.1,并接收到来自公网主机的回复信息

谢谢阅读！！！