[题解]分油问题
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算法:广搜
解题思路:
因为要求最少的变换次数,所以很自然的想到要用广搜。广搜的初始状态为:10L的瓶子装满,其他的瓶子为空,接着只需要进行普通广搜即可。注意:因为有三个瓶子,故一共有6种移动状态:
1:从10L的瓶子向7L的瓶子中倒:
if(x10 > 0 && x7 < 7){ x10 = x10 + x7 - 7; x7 = 7; }
2:从7L的瓶子向3L的瓶子中倒:
if(x7 > 0 && x3 < 3){ if(x7 + x3 > 3){ x7 = x7 + x3 - 3; x3 = 3; } else{ x3 = x7 + x3; x7 = 0; } }
3:从10L的瓶子向3L的瓶子中倒:
if(x10 > 0 && x3 < 3){ x10 = x10 + x3- 3; x3 = 3; }
4:从7L的瓶子向10L的瓶子中倒:
if(x7 > 0){ x10 = x10 + x7; x7 = 0; }
5:从3L的瓶子向7L的瓶子中倒:
if(x3 > 0 && x 7 < 7){ if(x3 + x7 > 7){ x7 = 7; x3 = x3 = x7 - 7; } else { x7 = x3 + x7; x3 = 0; } }
6:从3L的瓶子向10L的瓶子中倒:
if(x3 > 0){ x10 = x10 + x3; x3 = 0; }
源代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int head,tail;
int v[1010][5];//v[head][1]:10L,v[head][2]:7L,v[head][3]:3L
bool pd(int x,int y,int z){
bool f = true;
for(int i = 1;i <= tail;i++){
if(v[i][1] == x && v[i][2] == y && v[i][3] == z)f = false;
}
return f;
}
void add(int x,int y,int z){
tail++;
v[tail][1] = x;
v[tail][2] = y;
v[tail][3] = z;
v[tail][4] = head;
}
void print(int f){
int ans[1010][5];
int r = 0;
while(v[f][4] != 0){
r++;
ans[r][1] = v[f][1];
ans[r][2] = v[f][2];
ans[r][3] = v[f][3];
f = v[f][4];
}
for(int i = r;i >= 1;i--){
cout<<ans[i][1]<<" "<<ans[i][2]<<" "<<ans[i][3]<<endl;
}
}
int main(){
v[1][1] = 10;v[1][2] = 0;v[1][3] = 0;v[1][4] = 0;
head = 1,tail = 1;
int x10,x7,x3;
while(head <= tail){
if(v[head][1] == 5 && v[head][2] == 5){
print(head);
exit(0);
}
if(v[head][1] > 0 && v[head][2] < 7){//10->7;
x10 = v[head][1] + v[head][2] - 7;
x7 = 7;
x3 = v[head][3];
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
if(v[head][1] > 0 && v[head][3] < 3){//10->3
x10 = v[head][1] + v[head][3] - 3;
x7 = v[head][2];
x3 = 3;
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
if(v[head][2] > 0 && v[head][3] < 3){//7->3
if(v[head][2] + v[head][3] > 3){
x7 = v[head][2] + v[head][3] - 3;
x3 = 3;
}
else {
x3 = v[head][2] + v[head][3];
x7 = 0;
}
x10 = v[head][1];
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
if(v[head][2] > 0){//7->10
x10 = v[head][1] + v[head][2];
x7 = 0;
x3 = v[head][3];
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
if(v[head][3] > 0 && v[head][2] < 7){//3->7
if(v[head][3] + v[head][2] > 7){
x7 = 7;
x3 = v[head][3] - 7 + v[head][2];
}
else {
x7 = v[head][3] + v[head][2];
x3 = 0;
}
x10 = v[head][1];
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
if(v[head][3] > 0){//3->10
x10 = v[head][1] + v[head][3];
x7 = v[head][2];
x3 = 0;
if(pd(x10,x7,x3))add(x10,x7,x3);
}
head++;
}
return 0;
}
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