雅思基础课程语法基础课程-第五讲

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雅思语法基础课程-第五讲

第五讲 动词四类与五大基本时态

1. 动词四类

A. 实义动词(99%)

1.及物动词Vt( S + Vt + O)

2.不及物动词Vi (S + Vi (+ prep + O))

? 1.延续动词

? 2.瞬间动词

B. 系动词

C. 情态动词

1.传达人微妙情感

2.用法随时态变化

技术图片

造句练习:

我们必须输!We must lose!

我们输得起!We can lose!

我们可能会输的!We may lose!

Must vs have to:

1) must没有时态和人称变化:

强调主观的要求

仅用于现在时和将来时

2) have to(have got to):

强调客观的要求或外在的原因

可以有任意时态

May/might + do: 表示对现在或未来事情的推测

Can I use your phone please?直截了当

Could I use your phone please?礼貌客气

May I use your phone please?尊重委婉 (---以上正常---)

Might I use your phone please?尊重委婉(虚礼?)

may/might + do:

表示对现在或未来事情的推测

雅思作文高分句

Some people believe that television can be harmful to children, saying that it may influence(潜移默化的影响) behavior in a negative way.

D. 助动词

自身没有词义,不可单独使用

最常用的助动词:have, do

be, will, would, had better, used to

助动词功能:

1、表时态

I have been to America.

2、构成疑问句

Do you like college life?

3、与否定副词not合用,构成否定句

I do not like sports.

4、加强语气

Do come to the party.

2. 五大基本时态

1、一般现在时:

经常性或习惯动作:

I use Internet every day.

常用频率副词:

always 90%

usually 70%

often 50%

sometimes 30%

never 0

表示状态:

1.I am a student.

Are you a student?

Yes, I am.

No, I‘m not = I am not.

2.My father has many friends.

Does your father have many friends?

Yes,he does.

No, he doesn‘t.

事实或真理:

The sun rises in the east.

动词三单变化

1.正常型:词尾加s

2.变态型:

a.在s,x,ch,sh,o之后+es

finish-finishes;watch-watches;pass-passes

b.以辅音字母y结尾,把y变i加es:

study-studies;try-tries

c.变形金刚型:

have-has;do-does;go-goes

雅思作文高分句

The graph gives information concerning sales and profits of two manufacturing companies.

2、一般过去时

过去特定时间的动作

? 与表示过去的时间状语连用

I slept for eight hours last night.

技术图片

雅思作文高分句:

There was a steep climb in house prices during the first half of the year.

3、现在完成时

结构:have/has + done

站在现在“回顾”过去

1.过去 动作 对 现在 的影响

时间副词:

技术图片

My brother has never been abroad before.

I‘ve just arrived by train.

2.过去 的动作延续到 现在

时间段:

技术图片

He has been married since last July.

We have been in love for seven years.

雅思作文高分句:

However, British women has overtaken British men in Internet usage since 2005.

4、一般将来时

预测,计划或愿意去做某事

结构:shall/will + do

? shall 第一人称 I 或 we 后

? will 所有人称,缩略为‘ ll

? shall not = shan‘t

? will not = won‘t

技术图片

其他句型表一般将来时

1.be to do sth.

表示已安排好要在将来

发生的事(正式)

? She is to be married next month.

2.be about to do sth.

即将发生的动作 “正要,马上就要”

? The food is about to be served.

雅思作文高分句

Without a doubt, even greater changes are going to happen in technology used in the workplace.

5、现在进行时

技术图片

现在正在进行的动作

时间状语:

now,at present,these days

The heat wave is approaching.(表达一种感觉)

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