将十六进制颜色转换为RGB,反之亦然。
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最有效的方法是什么?
真实的答案。取决于你要找的是哪种十六进制颜色值(如565、555、888、8888等)、alpha位的数量、实际的颜色分布(rgb与bgr......)以及其他大量的变量。
这里是一个使用C++模板的大多数RGB值的通用算法(直接从ScummVM中获取)。
template<class T>
uint32 RGBToColor(uint8 r, uint8 g, uint8 b) {
return T::kAlphaMask |
(((r << T::kRedShift) >> (8 - T::kRedBits)) & T::kRedMask) |
(((g << T::kGreenShift) >> (8 - T::kGreenBits)) & T::kGreenMask) |
(((b << T::kBlueShift) >> (8 - T::kBlueBits)) & T::kBlueMask);
}
这里是一个565(16位颜色的标准格式)的示例颜色结构。
template<>
struct ColorMasks<565> {
enum {
highBits = 0xF7DEF7DE,
lowBits = 0x08210821,
qhighBits = 0xE79CE79C,
qlowBits = 0x18631863,
kBytesPerPixel = 2,
kAlphaBits = 0,
kRedBits = 5,
kGreenBits = 6,
kBlueBits = 5,
kAlphaShift = kRedBits+kGreenBits+kBlueBits,
kRedShift = kGreenBits+kBlueBits,
kGreenShift = kBlueBits,
kBlueShift = 0,
kAlphaMask = ((1 << kAlphaBits) - 1) << kAlphaShift,
kRedMask = ((1 << kRedBits) - 1) << kRedShift,
kGreenMask = ((1 << kGreenBits) - 1) << kGreenShift,
kBlueMask = ((1 << kBlueBits) - 1) << kBlueShift,
kRedBlueMask = kRedMask | kBlueMask
};
};
在python中
def hex_to_rgb(value):
"""Return (red, green, blue) for the color given as #rrggbb."""
value = value.lstrip('#')
lv = len(value)
return tuple(int(value[i:i + lv // 3], 16) for i in range(0, lv, lv // 3))
def rgb_to_hex(red, green, blue):
"""Return color as #rrggbb for the given color values."""
return '#%02x%02x%02x' % (red, green, blue)
hex_to_rgb("#ffffff") #==> (255, 255, 255)
hex_to_rgb("#ffffffffffff") #==> (65535, 65535, 65535)
rgb_to_hex(255, 255, 255) #==> '#ffffff'
rgb_to_hex(65535, 65535, 65535) #==> '#ffffffffffff'
在python中,十六进制和RGB之间的转换也包含在绘图包中。matplotlib
. 即
import matplotlib.colors as colors
然后
colors.hex2color('#ffffff') #==> (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
colors.rgb2hex((1.0, 1.0, 1.0)) #==> '#ffffff'
需要注意的是,颜色中的rgb值被假设为0.0和1.0之间。 如果你想在0和255之间,你需要做一个小小的转换。 具体来说。
def hex_to_rgb(hex_string):
rgb = colors.hex2color(hex_string)
return tuple([int(255*x) for x in rgb])
def rgb_to_hex(rgb_tuple):
return colors.rgb2hex([1.0*x/255 for x in rgb_tuple])
另一个说明是 colors.hex2color
只接受有效的十六进制颜色字符串。
只是真正的快速。
int r = ( hexcolor >> 16 ) & 0xFF;
int g = ( hexcolor >> 8 ) & 0xFF;
int b = hexcolor & 0xFF;
int hexcolor = (r << 16) + (g << 8) + b;
修改Jeremy的python答案来处理短的CSS rgb值,比如0, #999, 和#fff (浏览器会将其渲染为黑色,中灰色和白色):
def hex_to_rgb(value):
value = value.lstrip('#')
lv = len(value)
if lv == 1:
v = int(value, 16)*17
return v, v, v
if lv == 3:
return tuple(int(value[i:i+1], 16)*17 for i in range(0, 3))
return tuple(int(value[i:i+lv/3], 16) for i in range(0, lv, lv/3))
一个十六进制值就是用十六进制表示的RGB数字。所以你只需要把每一对十六进制数字转换成十进制。
例子:你只需要把一个十六进制的值转换成十进制。
#FF6400 = RGB(0xFF, 0x64, 0x00) = RGB(255, 100, 0)
你只需要把一个十六进制(部分)的值转换成十进制,反之亦然。还需要考虑的是,十六进制中的值可能包含 6 个字符或 3 个字符 (不包含字符 '#')。
在Python 3.5上的实现
"""Utils for working with colors."""
import textwrap
def rgb_to_hex(value1, value2, value3):
"""
Convert RGB value (as three numbers each ranges from 0 to 255) to hex format.
>>> rgb_to_hex(235, 244, 66)
'#EBF442'
>>> rgb_to_hex(56, 28, 26)
'#381C1A'
>>> rgb_to_hex(255, 255, 255)
'#FFFFFF'
>>> rgb_to_hex(0, 0, 0)
'#000000'
>>> rgb_to_hex(203, 244, 66)
'#CBF442'
>>> rgb_to_hex(53, 17, 8)
'#351108'
"""
for value in (value1, value2, value3):
if not 0 <= value <= 255:
raise ValueError('Value each slider must be ranges from 0 to 255')
return '#{0:02X}{1:02X}{2:02X}'.format(value1, value2, value3)
def hex_to_rgb(value):
"""
Convert color`s value in hex format to RGB format.
>>> hex_to_rgb('fff')
(255, 255, 255)
>>> hex_to_rgb('ffffff')
(255, 255, 255)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#EBF442')
(235, 244, 66)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#000000')
(0, 0, 0)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#000')
(0, 0, 0)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#54433f')
(84, 67, 63)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#f7efed')
(247, 239, 237)
>>> hex_to_rgb('#191616')
(25, 22, 22)
"""
if value[0] == '#':
value = value[1:]
len_value = len(value)
if len_value not in [3, 6]:
raise ValueError('Incorect a value hex {}'.format(value))
if len_value == 3:
value = ''.join(i * 2 for i in value)
return tuple(int(i, 16) for i in textwrap.wrap(value, 2))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
在JavaScript上的实现(适应于支持ES6的NodeJS)
const assert = require('assert');
/**
* Return a color`s value in the hex format by passed the RGB format.
* @param {integer} value1 An value in ranges from 0 to 255
* @param {integer} value2 An value in ranges from 0 to 255
* @param {integer} value3 An value in ranges from 0 to 255
* @return {string} A color`s value in the hex format
*/
const RGBtoHex = (value1, value2, value3) => {
const values = [value1, value2, value3];
let result = '#';
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i += 1) {
// validation input
if (values[i] < 0 || values[i] > 255) throw new Error('An each value of RGB format must be ranges from 0 to 255');
// append to result values as hex with at least width 2
result += (('0' + values[i].toString(16)).slice(-2));
}
return result.toUpperCase();
};
/**
* Convert a value from the hex format to RGB and return as an array
* @param {int} value A color`s value in the hex format
* @return {array} Array values of the RGB format
*/
const hexToRGB = (value) => {
let val = value;
val = (value[0] === '#') ? value.slice(1) : value;
if ([3, 6].indexOf(val.length) === -1) throw new Error(`Incorect a value of the hex format: ${value}`);
if (val.length === 3) val = val.split('').map(item => item.repeat(2)).join('');
return val.match(/.{2}/g).map(item => parseInt(`0x${item}`, 16));
};
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('fff'), [255, 255, 255]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('#fff'), [255, 255, 255]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('#000000'), [0, 0, 0]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('000000'), [0, 0, 0]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('#d7dee8'), [215, 222, 232]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('#1E2F49'), [30, 47, 73]);
assert.deepEqual(hexToRGB('#030914'), [3, 9, 20]);
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(255, 255, 255), '#FFFFFF');
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(0, 0, 0), '#000000');
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(96, 102, 112), '#606670');
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(199, 204, 214), '#C7CCD6');
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(22, 99, 224), '#1663E0');
assert.equal(RGBtoHex(0, 8, 20), '#000814');
module.exports.RGBtoHex = RGBtoHex;
module.exports.hexToRGB = hexToRGB;
在C上实施(打算用于C11标准版)
// a type for a struct of RGB color
typedef struct _ColorRGB {
unsigned short int red;
unsigned short int green;
unsigned short int blue;
} colorRGB_t;
/*
Convert a color`s value from the hex format to the RGB.
Return -1 if a passed value in the hex format is not correct, otherwise - return 0;
*/
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