ALV屏幕输出小结

Posted 2020-11-15 salah

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2019-10-09

用 ALV 输出的基本流程:

PERFORM get_data.

  PERFORM event_build.
  PERFORM layout_build.
  PERFORM fields.
  PERFORM output_alv.

1. 定义 ALV 用到的变量.

TYPE-POOLS: slis.  "package
DATA: i_alv_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
DATA: i_alv_field TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.
DATA: i_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv.
DATA: w_repid LIKE sy-repid.
DATA: i_events TYPE slis_t_event,
i_event_exit TYPE slis_t_event_exit,
i_list_comments TYPE slis_t_listheader, "用来填充表单标题区域
i_excluding TYPE slis_t_extab.
DATA: w_variant LIKE disvariant,
w_variant_save(1) TYPE c,
w_events LIKE LINE OF i_events,
w_list_comments LIKE LINE OF i_list_comments,

i_sort TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF slis_sortinfo_alv,
w_sort LIKE LINE OF i_sort.

2. 定义INITIALIZATION部分

  CLEAR: w_variant.
w_repid = sy-repid.
w_variant-report = w_repid.
w_variant-username = sy-uname.
w_variant_save = ‘A‘.   "All types

3. 对标题区和页尾区赋值

FORM event_build .

  CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET‘ "获得事件名称及 form 的内表, 后面去填补 form"
  EXPORTING
i_list_type = 0
  IMPORTING
et_events   = i_events.
  READ TABLE i_events WITH KEY name = slis_ev_top_of_page INTO w_events.
  IF sy-subrc = 0.
  MOVE ‘ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE‘ TO w_events-form. "将标题区数据赋值给 W_EVENTS
  MODIFY i_events FROM w_events INDEX sy-tabix.
  ENDIF.
  READ TABLE i_events WITH KEY name = slis_ev_end_of_list INTO w_events.
  IF sy-subrc = 0.
  MOVE ‘ALV_END_OF_LIST‘ TO w_events-form. "将页尾数据赋值给 W_EVENTS
  MODIFY i_events FROM w_events INDEX sy-tabix.
  ENDIF.
  READ TABLE i_events WITH KEY name = slis_ev_end_of_page INTO w_events.
  IF sy-subrc = 0.
  MOVE ‘ALV_END_OF_PAGE‘ TO w_events-form. "将页脚区数据赋值给 W_EVENTS.
  MODIFY i_events FROM w_events INDEX sy-tabix.
  ENDIF.

ENDFORM.

定义上面用到的子函数

FORM alv_top_of_page.

  DATA: p_werks(40).
  CLEAR: i_list_comments[].
  w_list_comments-typ = ‘H‘. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action
  w_list_comments-key = ‘‘.
  w_list_comments-info = ‘USI 同一 PO 分批收料报表‘.
  APPEND w_list_comments TO i_list_comments.
*  w_list_comments-typ = ‘S‘. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
*  w_list_comments-key = ‘‘.
*  CONCATENATE ‘厂别‘ ‘1000‘ INTO p_werks.
*  w_list_comments-info = p_werks.
*  APPEND w_list_comments TO i_list_comments.
*
*  w_list_comments-typ = ‘S‘. "H = Header, S = Selection, A = Action
*  w_list_comments-key = ‘‘.
*  CONCATENATE ‘厂别‘ ‘2000‘ INTO p_werks.
*  w_list_comments-info = p_werks.
*  APPEND w_list_comments TO i_list_comments.
  CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE‘
    EXPORTING
      i_logo             = ‘ENJOYSAP_LOGO‘
      it_list_commentary = i_list_comments.

ENDFORM.                    "alv_top_of_page

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  alv_end_of_list
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM alv_end_of_list.
  clear: i_list_comments[].
  w_list_comments-typ = ‘H‘. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action
  w_list_comments-key = ‘‘.
  w_list_comments-info = ‘页脚显示‘.
  APPEND w_list_comments to i_list_comments.
  call FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE‘
    EXPORTING
      it_list_commentary = i_list_comments
      i_logo             = ‘ENJOYSAP_LOGO‘
      i_end_of_list_grid = ‘X‘.
ENDFORM.                    "alv_end_of_list
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&      Form  alv_end_of_page
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM alv_end_of_page.
*  CLEAR: i_list_comments[].
*  w_list_comments-typ = ‘A‘. "H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action
*  w_list_comments-key = ‘‘.
*  w_list_comments-info = ‘END OF PAGE‘.
*  APPEND w_list_comments TO i_list_comments.
*
*  CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE‘
*    EXPORTING
*      it_list_commentary = i_list_comments
*      i_logo             = ‘ENJOYSAP_LOGO‘
*      i_end_of_list_grid = ‘X‘.
ENDFORM.                    "alv_end_of_page
4. Layout设置

FORM layout_build .

  w_repid = sy-repid.                "当前程式

  i_layout-zebra = ‘X‘.              "斑马条纹间隔

  i_layout-colwidth_optimize = ‘X‘.  "优化列宽

*  i_layout-no_vline = ‘X‘.           "用来设置是否有列间隔线

  i_layout-detail_initial_lines = ‘X‘.

  i_layout-detail_titlebar = ‘详细内容‘.  "设置弹出窗口的标题栏

  i_layout-detail_popup = ‘X‘. "是否弹出详细信息窗口

  i_layout-f2code = ‘&ETA‘. "设置触发弹出详细窗口的功能码,这里是双击

*  i_layout-info_fieldname = ‘COLOR‘ ."设置颜色属性,设置ALV输出报表每一行的颜色,

  "其参数为输出内表的栏位名称,要注意的是,使用
  "该属性需要同时在内表中定义一个与该参数所定义
  "字段相同的栏位,然后往该栏位位填值.  "

先介绍ALV里色码.就是颜色编码,4位CHAR型.

             Cxyz---

             Color X:1-7

Y:1/0: 强化开/关

Z:1/0: 相反开/关

     其中C是固定的第一位,第二位代表是颜色编码(1到7),第三位是加强的设置,第四位是相反,个人理解,在强化关闭的情况下,相反的作用是背景和字体的变化.

颜色编码:

x 颜色主要使用在

1 Gray-blue headers

2 Light gray List bodies

3 yellow totals

4 Blue-green Key columns

5 green Positive threshold value

6 red Negative threshold value

7 orange Control levels

ENDFORM.                    " LAYOUT_BUILD

5. Fieldcat设置

pos = pos + 1.
  PERFORM set_fieldcat USING pos ‘EXCESS‘ ‘Excess‘ ‘C500‘.

FORM set_fieldcat  USING  p_pos p_field_name p_field_text p_color.

w_fieldcat-col_pos = p_pos.
w_fieldcat-fieldname = p_field_name.
w_fieldcat-seltext_m = p_field_text.
w_fieldcat-emphasize = p_color.         "设置列的颜色,注意:行的颜色会覆盖列的颜色
w_fieldcat-do_sum = ‘X‘. "对列求和

w_fieldcat-just = ‘R‘. "对齐试(R, L, C)

w_fieldcat-lzero = ‘X‘. "前导0的形式显示

* w_fieldcat-no_sign = ‘X‘.                "将定义栏位的符号设置为不显示
* w_fieldcat-hotspot = ‘X‘.                "设置栏位是否有热点

  APPEND w_fieldcat TO i_fieldcat.

ENDFORM.                    " SET_FIELDCAT

6. 输出

REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY

REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY

FORM output_alv .
  CALL FUNCTION ‘REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY‘
    EXPORTING
      i_callback_program = w_repid
      i_save             = ‘A‘
      i_default          = ‘X‘
      is_layout          = i_layout
      it_fieldcat        = i_alv_fieldcat
      it_events          = i_events

it_sort = i_sort[]

i_callback_html_top_of_page = ‘DGL_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE‘ "覆盖 i_events中定义的.
    TABLES
      t_outtab           = it_output[]
    EXCEPTIONS
      program_error      = 1
      OTHERS             = 2.
ENDFORM.

7. 颜色的显示

ALV中每行颜色显示都是通过LAYOUT控制的, 要实现每行颜色的控制

step 1.
在输出内表中新增一个字段, 用于保存颜色的属性.

step 2.

给内表的颜色字段赋值.

step 3.

在LAYOUT中指定内表中定义的颜色字段名称.

i_layout-info_fieldname = ‘COLOR‘ ."设置颜色属性,设置ALV输出报表每一行的颜色,

8. ALV输出值的排序及汇总

该属性设置在IT_SORT接口之中.

IT_SORT 的属性有如下:

SPOS: 排序顺序,多个字段排序时使用.

FIELDNAME: 排序字段名称.

UP/DOWN: 升序/降序排序.

GROUP: 控制中断.

SUBTOT: 对指定字段小计输出. 要实现小计, 首先要保证ALV输出内表的合并功能, FIELDCAT 的DO_SUM字段

设置为‘X‘.

FORM set_sort .

  w_sort-fieldname = ‘MATKL‘.

  w_sort-up = ‘X‘.

  w_sort-group = ‘*‘.

  w_sort-subtot = ‘X‘.

  APPEND w_sort TO i_sort.

ENDFORM.

这样相同的那列就会合并,如果要避免合并,请在布局中设置"no_merging"为"X" .

9. ALV 标题中的表头

表头信息可以通过ALV的接口"I_CALLBACK_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE"实现.

其实表头完全是个HTML文件,所以可参考HTML语法.

FORM dgl_html_top_of_page USING r_ddoc TYPE REF TO cl_dd_document.
  DATA: text TYPE sdydo_text_element.
  CALL METHOD r_ddoc->initialize_document.  "定义表头文本
  DEFINE write_inf.
    call  method r_ddoc->new_line.           "换行
    call  method r_ddoc->add_icon           "输出图标
      exporting
        sap_icon = &1.
    call  method r_ddoc->add_text          "输出文本
      exporting
        text = &2.
  END-OF-DEFINITION.
  CALL METHOD r_ddoc->add_text
    EXPORTING
      text         = ‘Justin Test‘
      sap_emphasis = ‘STRONG‘.
  write_inf ‘ICON_GREEN_LIGHT‘ ‘: 商品库存‘.
  write_inf ‘ICON_RED_LIGHT‘ ‘: 商品无可用库存‘.
ENDFORM.

data: m_buff TYPE string.
data: m_p TYPE i.

m_buff = ‘<html>‘.

CALL METHOD cl_dd->html_insert

EXPORTING

contents = m_buff

CHANGING

position = m_p.

m_buff = ‘<center><H2>配件报废品种汇总表</H2></Center>‘.

CALL METHOD CL_DD->HTML_INSERT

EXPORTING

CONTENTS = m_buff

CHANGING

POSITION = m_p.

CONCATENATE ‘报表日期：‘ S_DATE-LOW ‘　TO　‘ S_DATE-HIGH  ‘<BR>‘ into m_buff.

CALL METHOD CL_DD->HTML_INSERT

EXPORTING

CONTENTS = m_buff

CHANGING

POSITION = m_p.

m_buff = ‘</html>‘.

CALL METHOD cl_dd->html_insert

EXPORTING

contents = m_buff

CHANGING

    position = m_p.