数组的使用
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数组操作
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对数组的最后一位进行操作
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添加
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书写格式:数组名.push(数据);
例:let arr = ["A","B","C"];
arr.push("D");
console.log(arr); //["A","B","C","D"]
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删除
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书写格式:数组名.pop();
例:let arr = ["A","B","C"];
arr.pop();
console.log(arr); //["A","B"]
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对数组第一位进行操作
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添加
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书写格式:数组名.unshift(数据);
例:let arr = ["A","B","C"];
arr.push(1);
console.log(arr); //[1,"A","B","C"]
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删除
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书写格式:数组名.shift();
例:let arr = ["A","B","C"];
arr.shift();
console.log(arr); //["B","C"]
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pushunshift 和 popshift 的区别
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添加是可以,一次性添加多个数据;
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删除每次只能删除一个;
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合并两个数组
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例: let arr = [1,2];
let arr1 = [3,4];
let arr2 = arr.concat(arr1);
let arr3 = [...arr,...arr1];
console.log(arr2); //[1,2,3,4]
console.log(arr3); //[1,2,3,4]
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截取 slice ()
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书写格式:数组名.slice(参数); //可以接收两个参数
例:
let arr = ["A","B","C","D","E","F"];
// 情况一:一个参数(截取的开始下标);
截取的内容是包括开始下标及以后的所有数据;
let arr1 = arr.slice(2);
console.log(arr1); //["C","D","E","F"]
// 情况二:两个参数(截取的开始下标,截取的结束下标);
截取的内容是开始下标(包括开始下标的内容) 到 结束下标(不包括结束下标的内容)的所有数据;
let arr2 = arr.slice(2,4);
console.log(arr2); //["C","D"]
// 情况三:当不存在输入值的内容,则返回空数组 即 [ ]
let arr3 = arr.slice(10);
console.log(arr3); //[ ]
// 情况四:当输入值为负值时,数组的长度加负值即下标,
则截取的内容是开始下标(包括开始下标的内容) 到 结束下标(不包括结束下标的内容)的所有数据;
let arr4 = arr.slice(-4,-2);
console.log(arr3); //["C","D"]
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splice() 会改变原数组
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书写格式:数组名.splice(参数); //可以接收三个参数
例:
let arr = ["A","B","C","D","E","F"];
//情况一: 两个参数
功能:剪切
第一个参数是起始下标,第二个为结束下标。(包含结束下标)
let arr1 = arr.splice(2,5);
console.log(arr1); //["C","D","E","F"]
console.log(arr); //["A","F"]
//情况二: 三个参数
功能:插入修改(取决于第二个参数;第二个值为 0 时,代表插入;第二个值为 1 时,代表修改)
let arr2 = arr.splice(1,0,5); //在下标为 1 的前面插入内容 5
console.log(arr2); //["A",5,"B","C","D","E","F"]
let arr3 = arr.splice(1,1,5); //将下标为 1 的数据改为内容 5
console.log(arr2); //["A",5,"C","D","E","F"]
//情况三: N个参数
从第三个参数开始,以后的内容都是要插入的值
let arr4 = arr.splice(1,0,5,6,7,8); //在下标为 1 的前面插入内容 5 6 7 8
console.log(arr4); //["A",5,6,7,8,"B","C","D","E","F"]
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一次性删除数组的内容
let arr = ["A","B","C","D","E","F"];
arr.length = 0;
console.log(arr); //[ ]
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数组转字符串 join()
let arr = [1,2,3];
let str = arr.join(",");
console.log(str,typeof str); //1,2,3 string
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字符串转数组
let str = "Say hello to everybody!";
let arr = str.split();
console.log(arr); //[
Say hello to everybody!
]arr = str.split("");
console.log(arr); //[
S``a``y`` ``h``e``l``l``o`` ``t``o`` ``e``v``e``r``y``b``o``d``y``!
]arr = str.split(" ");
console.log(arr); //[‘Say‘,‘hello‘,‘to‘,‘everybody!‘]
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遍历数组
let arr = ["A","B","C","D","E","F"];
//遍历输出数组中的每个值
for(let item of arr){
console.log(item);
}
//输出结果为 A B C D E F
//遍历输出数组中的每个值的下标
for(let item in arr){
console.log(item);
}
//输出结果为:0 1 2 3 4 5
//遍历输出数组中的每个值对应的键(下标)
for(let item of arr.keys()){
console.log(item);
}
//输出结果为:0 1 2 3 4 5
//遍历输出数组中的每个值
for(let item of arr.values()){
console.log(item);
}
//输出结果为 A B C D E F
//遍历输出数组中的每个值以及每个值对应的键(下标)
for(let item of arr.entries()){
console.log(item);
}
//输出结果为 [0,‘A‘] [1,‘B‘] [2,‘C‘] [3,‘D‘] [4,‘E‘] [5,‘F‘]
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判断标识符是不是数组
let str = "123";
let arr = ["A","B","C"];
console.log(Array.isArray(str)); //false
console.log(Array.isArray(arr)); //true
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查找
let arr = ["A","B","C","D","C"];
//返回查找的值是否存在,存在则返回true,否则返回false
arr.includes("C"); //true
//从前往后找,找到第一个满足的值,返回其下标
arr.indexOf("C"); //2
//从后往前找,找到第一个满足的值,返回其下标
arr.lastIndexOf("C");//4
//如果没有找到,都会返回 -1
arr.indexOf("E");arr.lastIndexOf(); //-1
数组的使用
通过下标或索引号获取到具体值。
数组名[下标]
注:下标(索引)的起始值是0
例:
let arr = ["A","B","C","D"];
console.log(arr); //输出结果为 ["A","B","C","D"]
console.log(arr[0]); //输出结果为 A
console.log(arr[2]); //输出结果为 C
console.log(arr[10]); //输出结果为 undefined
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错误代码:错误域 = NSCocoaErrorDomain 代码 = 3840“JSON 文本没有以数组或对象和允许未设置片段的选项开头。”