Elastic Search之布尔查询
Posted shine-rainbow
tags:
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前言
布尔查询是最常见的组合查询，根据子查询的规则，只有当文档满足所有子查询条件时，Elastic Search 引擎才会将结果返回。布尔查询支持的子查询条件共4种：
- must(and)
- should(or)
- must_not(not)
- filter
准备数据
PUT zhifou/doc/1
{
"name":"顾老二",
"age":30,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags":["黑","长","直"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/2
{
"name":"大娘子",
"age":18,
"from":"sheng",
"desc":"貌美肤白、娇憨可爱",
"tags":["白","富","美"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/3
{
"name":"龙套偏房",
"age":22,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"mmp,没怎么看清，不知道怎么形容",
"tags":["造数据","真","难"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/4
{
"name":"石头",
"age":29,
"from":"gu",
"desc":"粗中有细、狐假虎威",
"tags":["粗","大","猛"]
}
PUT zhifou/doc/5
{
"name":"魏行者",
"age":25,
"from":"广云台",
"desc":"后悔没能嫁给顾老二~",
"tags":["闭月","羞花"]
}must
现在我们使用布尔查询所有from属性为gu的数据
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
]
}
}
}结果如下：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 3,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.82876295,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp,没怎么看清，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细、狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
}
]
}
}
在上面的例子中，通过bool属性字段内使用must来作为查询条件，这里需要注意的是must字段对应的是个列表，也就是说可以有多个并列的查询条件，一个文档满足各个子条件后才最终返回。
栗子：如果想要查询from为gu,并且年龄为30的数据应该怎样操作？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 30
}
}
]
}
}
}结果返回：
{
"took" : 2,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.828763,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.828763,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
}
]
}
}
should
那么，如果查询只要是from为gu或者tags为闭月的数据呢？
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "闭月"
}
}
]
}
}
}结果返回：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 4,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 1.9854019,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 1.9854019,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行者",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "广云台",
"desc" : "后悔没能嫁给顾老二~",
"tags" : [
"闭月",
"羞花"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "龙套偏房",
"age" : 22,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "mmp,没怎么看清，不知道怎么形容",
"tags" : [
"造数据",
"真",
"难"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细、狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
}
]
}
}
以上栗子中，只要符合其中一个条件就可返回。
must_not
那么，如果我想要查询from既不是gu并且tags也不是可爱,还有age不是18的数据
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
},
{
"match": {
"tags": "可爱"
}
},
{
"match": {
"age": 18
}
}
]
}
}
}结果返回：
{
"took" : 1,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 1,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "5",
"_score" : 0.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "魏行者",
"age" : 25,
"from" : "广云台",
"desc" : "后悔没能嫁给顾老二~",
"tags" : [
"闭月",
"羞花"
]
}
}
]
}
}
以上例子中，只有魏行者满足要求，因为魏行者既不是顾家的人
，标签里也没有可爱的那一项，年龄也不等于18~
filter
那么，要查询from为gu，age大于25的数据该怎么查?
GET zhifou/doc/_search
{
"query":{
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"from": "gu"
}
}
],
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gt":25
}
}
}
}
}
}结果返回：
{
"took" : 0,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 2,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : 0.82876295,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "顾老二",
"age" : 30,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "皮肤黑、武器长、性格直",
"tags" : [
"黑",
"长",
"直"
]
}
},
{
"_index" : "zhifou",
"_type" : "doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.82876295,
"_source" : {
"name" : "石头",
"age" : 29,
"from" : "gu",
"desc" : "粗中有细、狐假虎威",
"tags" : [
"粗",
"大",
"猛"
]
}
}
]
}
}
小结：
- must：与关系，相当于and
- Should：或关系，相当于or
- must_not：非关系，相当于not
- filter：过滤条件
- range：条件筛选范围
- gt(getter than)：大于
- gte(geeter than equals)：大于等于
- lt（less than）：小于
- lte(less than equals)：小于等于
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