Request January 27,2020

Posted yyanghang

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## Request:


一、request对象和response对象的原理
  1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
  2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息

二、request对象继承体系结构
    ServletRequest -- 接口
        | 继承
    HttpServletRequest -- 接口
        | 实现
    org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)

三、request功能:
  1. 获取请求消息数据
    1. 获取请求行数据
      * GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
      * 方法:
        1. 获取请求方式 :GET
          * String getMethod()
        2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
          * String getContextPath()
        3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
          * String getServletPath()
        4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
          * String getQueryString()
        5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
          * String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
          * StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1

          * URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
          * URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国

        6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
          * String getProtocol()

        7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
          * String getRemoteAddr()

    2. 获取请求头数据
      * 方法:
        * (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
        * Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

/**
 *  演示获取请求头数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.获取所有请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        //2.遍历
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
        //根据名称获取请求头的值
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name+"---"+value);
        }
    }
}/**
 *  演示获取请求头数据 user-agent  判断agent浏览器版本
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
            System.out.println("谷歌来了");
        }else {
            System.out.println("你就不能多安个浏览器吗?");
        }
    }
}

 

/**
 * 演示获取请求头数据 referer(告诉服务器我从哪个网址点过来的)
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);
        //防盗链
        if(referer!=null){
            //正常访问
            if(referer.contains("/order7_Request_Respons_war_exploded")){
                System.out.println("尊敬的会员用户,你的视频来源是合法的");
            }else {
                //盗链
                System.out.println("对不起,你是从非法网站访问过来的,无法观看");
            }
        }
    }
}

    3. 获取请求体数据:
      * 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
      * 步骤:
        1. 获取流对象
          * BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
          * ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据     

        2. 再从流对象中拿数据

/**
 *  演示获取请求体--请求参数
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //读取字符流
        BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
        String line = null;
        //读取数据
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null){
            System.out.println(line);
        }
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

    2. 其他功能:
      1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
        1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
        2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
        3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
        4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

      * 中文乱码问题:
        * get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
        * post方式:会乱码
        * 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

/**
 * 演示post获取请求参数
 * request获取请求参数以及中文乱码问题
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //防止出现中文乱码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println("------------");
        //根据参数名称 获取参数值的数组
        String[] value = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String name : value) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
        System.out.println("------------");
        //获取所有请求的参数名称
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String s = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(s);
            //只能获取一个 获取多个需要使用getParameterMap
            String parameter = request.getParameter(s);
            System.out.println(parameter);
        }
        System.out.println();
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        for (String name : parameterMap.keySet()) {
           //根据键来获取值
            String[] strings = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String nameValue : strings) {
                System.out.println(nameValue);
            }
            System.out.println("---------");
        }
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //演示post获取请求参数
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}


  2. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
    1. 步骤:
      1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
      2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

    2. 特点:
      1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
      2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
      3. 转发是一次请求


  3. 共享数据
      * 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
      * request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
        * 方法:
          1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
          2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
          3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

/**
 * 请求转发和request共享数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //7 和 8用来演示资源跳转
        System.out.println("资源跳转----demo7来了");
        //资源共享 存储数据
        request.setAttribute("zygx","资源共享了");
        //跳转
        /*
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo8");
        requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
        */
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo8").forward(request,response);
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //演示post获取请求参数
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}



@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //7 和 8用来演示资源跳转
        System.out.println("资源跳转----demo8来了");
        //通过键读取数据
        Object dy = request.getAttribute("zygx");
        System.out.println(dy);
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //演示post获取请求参数
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

 

  4. 获取ServletContext:
    * ServletContext getServletContext()

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