scrapy设置自己的headers referer字段

Posted 2021-03-12 xkdn

1。在middlewares中添加自己的新类：

class Mylei(object):
    def process_request(self,request,spider):
        referer=request.url
        if referer:
            request.headers["referer"] = referer
        user_agenta = ["Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)",
                       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
                       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
                       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
                       "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
                       "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
                       "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52"
                       ]

    　　aui = 0
    　　while aui == 0:
        　　try:
            　　aaop = random.choice(user_agenta)
            　　header1 = {
                        ‘User-Agent‘: aaop,  # 浏览器头部
                        ‘Accept‘: ‘text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8‘,  # 客户端能够接收的内容类型
                        ‘Accept-Language‘: ‘en-US,en;q=0.5‘,  ‘Referer‘:referer }
                    # print(aaop)
            　　aui = 1
        　　except Exception as e:
            　　aui = 0
            　　print("error!!!")
            　　print("error:", e)
        request.headers = header1:   

　　

　middlewares.py

from scrapy import signals
class Mylei(object):
    def process_request(self,request,spider):
        referer=request.url
        referer="https://www.myzhan.com/"
        if referer:
            request.headers["referer"] = referer

class Nmm131SpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.
    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

　　前面的为自己增加的，后面是原有内容的一部分

　

　说明：referer=request.url一般用当前的URL地址作为refer; 修改为"http://www.myzhan.com"

即：referer="http://www.myzhan.com"这就自己定义了referer

2.　在settings.py中添加（原有相关内容被注释了）

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    ‘nmm131.middlewares.Mylei‘: 543,
}

　　说明：nmm131代表当前项目名称，后面的middlewares不变，将后面的内容改为上步建立的类,543 为优先级