k8s部署---多节点部署与负载均衡搭建

Posted 2021-03-10

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多节点部署介绍

在生产环境中，搭建kubernetes平台时我们同时会考虑平台的高可用性，kubenetes平台是由master中心管理机制，由master服务器调配管理各个节点服务器，在之前的文章中我们搭建的是单节点（一个master服务器）的部署，当master服务器宕机时，我们的搭建的平台也就无法使用了，这个时候我们就要考虑多节点（多master）的部署，已到平台服务的高可用性。

负载均衡介绍

在我们搭建多节点部署时，多个master同时运行工作，在处理工作问题时总是使用同一个master完成工作，当master服务器面对多个请求任务时，处理速度就会变慢，同时其余的master服务器不处理请求也是一种资源的浪费，这个时候我们就考虑到做负载均衡服务
本次搭建负载均衡使用nginx服务做四层负载均衡，keepalived做地址飘逸

实验部署

实验环境

lb01：192.168.80.19 （负载均衡服务器）
lb02：192.168.80.20 （负载均衡服务器）
Master01:192.168.80.12
Master01:192.168.80.11
Node01:192.168.80.13
Node02:192.168.80.14

多master部署

master01服务器操作

[root@master01 kubeconfig]# scp -r /opt/kubernetes/ root@192.168.80.11:/opt     //直接复制kubernetes目录到master02
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.80.11 (192.168.80.11)‘ can‘t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:Ih0NpZxfLb+MOEFW8B+ZsQ5R8Il2Sx8dlNov632cFlo.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:a9:ee:e5:cc:40:c7:9e:24:5b:c1:cd:c1:7b:31:42:0f.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.80.11‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.80.11‘s password:
token.csv                                                                  100%   84    61.4KB/s   00:00
kube-apiserver                                                             100%  929     1.6MB/s   00:00
kube-scheduler                                                             100%   94   183.2KB/s   00:00
kube-controller-manager                                                    100%  483   969.2KB/s   00:00
kube-apiserver                                                             100%  184MB 106.1MB/s   00:01
kubectl                                                                    100%   55MB  85.9MB/s   00:00
kube-controller-manager                                                    100%  155MB 111.9MB/s   00:01
kube-scheduler                                                             100%   55MB 115.8MB/s   00:00
ca-key.pem                                                                 100% 1675     2.7MB/s   00:00
ca.pem                                                                     100% 1359     2.6MB/s   00:00
server-key.pem                                                             100% 1679     2.5MB/s   00:00
server.pem                                                                 100% 1643     2.7MB/s   00:00
[root@master01 kubeconfig]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler}.service root@192.168.80.11:/usr/lib/systemd/system    //复制master中的三个组件启动脚本
root@192.168.80.11‘s password:
kube-apiserver.service                                                     100%  282   274.4KB/s   00:00
kube-controller-manager.service                                            100%  317   403.5KB/s   00:00
kube-scheduler.service                                                     100%  281   379.4KB/s   00:00
[root@master01 kubeconfig]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.80.11:/opt/    //特别注意：master02一定要有 etcd证书，否则apiserver服务无法启动 拷贝master01上已有的etcd证书给master02使用
root@192.168.80.11‘s password:
etcd                                                                       100%  509   275.7KB/s   00:00
etcd                                                                       100%   18MB  95.3MB/s   00:00
etcdctl                                                                    100%   15MB  75.1MB/s   00:00
ca-key.pem                                                                 100% 1679   941.1KB/s    00:00
ca.pem                                                                     100% 1265     1.6MB/s   00:00
server-key.pem                                                             100% 1675     2.0MB/s   00:00
server.pem                                                                 100% 1338     1.5MB/s   00:00

master02服务器操作

[root@master02 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service     //关闭防火墙
[root@master02 ~]# setenforce 0                        //关闭selinux
[root@master02 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver     //更改文件
...
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.80.12:2379,https://192.168.80.13:2379,https://192.168.80.14:2379 --bind-address=192.168.80.11        //更改IP地址
--secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=192.168.80.11    //更改IP地址
--allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 ...
:wq
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl start kube-apiserver.service   //启动apiserver服务
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service  //设置开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/ systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service   //启动controller-manager
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service  //设置开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service. 
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service            //启动scheduler
[root@master02 ~]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service           //设置开机自启
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/ systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.
[root@master02 ~]# vim /etc/profile       //编辑添加环境变量
...
export PATH=$PATH:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
:wq
[root@master02 ~]# source /etc/profile     //重新执行
[root@master02 ~]# kubectl get node        //查看节点信息
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
192.168.80.13   Ready    <none>   146m   v1.12.3
192.168.80.14   Ready    <none>   144m   v1.12.3    //多master配置成功

负载均衡部署

lb01、lb02同步操作

[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@lb01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@lb01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo   //配置nginx服务yum源
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
:wq
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# yum list     //重新加载yum
已加载插件：fastestmirror
base                                                                                  | 3.6 kB  00:00:00
extras                                                                                | 2.9 kB   00:00:00
...
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx -y     //安装nginx服务 
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
...
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf    //编辑nginx配置文件
...
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}

stream {                     //添加四层转发模块
log_format main ‘$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log main;

upstream k8s-apiserver {
    server 192.168.80.12:6443;          //注意IP地址
    server 192.168.80.11:6443;
}
server {
    listen 6443;
    proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}

http {
include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
...
:wq
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start nginx       //启动nginx服务 可以在浏览器中访问测试nginx服务
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# yum install keepalived -y    //安装keepalived服务 
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
...
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# mount.cifs //192.168.80.2/shares/K8S/k8s02 /mnt/     //挂载宿主机目录
Password for root@//192.168.80.2/shares/K8S/k8s02:
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# cp /mnt/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  //复制准备好的  keepalived配置文件覆盖源配置文件
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"？ yes
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf       //编辑配置文件
...
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh"    //注意脚本位置修改
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33            //注意网卡名称
virtual_router_id 51   //VRRP 路由 ID实例，每个实例是唯一的
priority 100           //优先级，备服务器设置 90
advert_int 1            //指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100/24       //飘逸地址
}
track_script {
    check_nginx
}
}
//删除下面所有内容
:wq

lb02服务器keepalived配置文件修改

[root@lb02 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
...
vrrp_script check_nginx {
script "/etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh"    //注意脚本位置修改
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP         //修改角色为backup
interface ens33      //网卡名称
virtual_router_id 51   //VRRP 路由 ID实例，每>个实例是唯一的
priority 90       //优先级，备服务器设置 90
advert_int 1      //指定VRRP 心跳包通告间隔时间，默认1秒
authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100/24       //虚拟IP地址
}
track_script {
    check_nginx
}
}
//删除下面所有内容
:wq

lb01、lb02同步操作

[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh   //编辑判断nginx状态脚本
count=$(ps -ef |grep nginx |egrep -cv "grep|$$")

if [ "$count" -eq 0 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
:wq
chmod +x /etc/nginx/check_nginx.sh     //添加脚本执行权限
[root@lb01 yum.repos.d]# systemctl start keepalived     //启动服务

lb01服务器操作

[root@lb01 ~]# ip a      //查看地址信息
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:04:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.80.19/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.80.100/24 scope global secondary ens33    //虚拟地址成功配置
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c3ab:d7ec:1adf:c5df/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

lb02服务器操作

[root@lb02 ~]# ip a          //查看地址信息
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7d:c7:ab brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.80.20/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::cd8b:b80c:8deb:251f/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c3ab:d7ec:1adf:c5df/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever       //没有虚拟IP地址 lb02属于备用服务

lb01服务器停止nginx服务，再次在lb02服务器IP地址，看虚拟IP地址是否成功漂移

[root@lb01 ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@lb01 nginx]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:04:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.80.19/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c3ab:d7ec:1adf:c5df/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@lb02 ~]# ip a           //在lb02服务器查看
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7d:c7:ab brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.80.20/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.80.100/24 scope global secondary ens33      //漂移地址转移到lb02上
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::cd8b:b80c:8deb:251f/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c3ab:d7ec:1adf:c5df/64 scope link tentative dadfailed
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在lb01服务器重新开启nginx、keepalived服务

[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl start nginx
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[root@lb01 nginx]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e9:04:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.80.19/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global ens33
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.80.100/24 scope global secondary ens33     //漂移地址被抢占回来  因为配置了优先级
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c3ab:d7ec:1adf:c5df/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在所有的node节点修改配置文件

[root@node01 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig
...
server: https://192.168.80.100:6443
...
:wq
[root@node01 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
...
server: https://192.168.80.100:6443
...
:wq
[root@node01 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
...
server: https://192.168.80.100:6443
...
:wq
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart kubelet.service    //重启服务
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl restart kube-proxy.service

在lb01服务器查看日志信息

[root@lb01 nginx]# tail /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log
192.168.80.13 192.168.80.12:6443 - [11/Feb/2020:15:23:52 +0800] 200 1118
192.168.80.13 192.168.80.11:6443 - [11/Feb/2020:15:23:52 +0800] 200 1119
192.168.80.14 192.168.80.12:6443 - [11/Feb/2020:15:26:01 +0800] 200 1119
192.168.80.14 192.168.80.12:6443 - [11/Feb/2020:15:26:01 +0800] 200 1120

多节点搭建与负载均衡配置完成

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