由Thread.join引发的思考
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下面是一段司空见惯的代码,创建两个线程A和线程B,使得线程A优先于线程B执行,使得线程B优先于主线程执行
public class Demo52 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{
System.out.println("线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
},"A");
Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{
try {
thread1.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
},"B");
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
try {
thread2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("main线程");
}
}
输出结果:
线程:A
线程:B
main线程
它是如何做到的线程A优先于线程B,线程B优先于主线程的呢?
为了说明这点,就要查看Thread.join的源码了:
/** 等待该线程终止
* Waits for this thread to die.
* 调用此方法的行为方式与调用完全相同join (0)
* <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
* way as the invocation
*
* <blockquote>
* {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
* </blockquote>
*
* @throws InterruptedException
* if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
* <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
* cleared when this exception is thrown.
*/
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0);
}
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
? 结合上面的实例,先看主线程和线程B,在主线程中执行“thread2.join();”,也就相当进入到join方法体中,它会获取到当前实例的锁,也就是线程B对象的锁,然后判断线程是否存活后执行“ wait(0);”,执行该方法时,主线程会释放锁,进入到阻塞状态(也即进入到了该锁的WaitSet中)。为什么说是主线程进入到阻塞状态,而不是线程B进入到阻塞状态呢?
为了解答这个问题,设计如下的实例:
class ThreadTest extends Thread{
public synchronized void method1(){
System.out.println("hello world");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
public class Demo51 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadTest threadTest = new ThreadTest();
threadTest.start();
threadTest.method1();
}
}
输出结果:
hello world
main
? 可以看到在执行“threadTest.method1()”时,线程“threadTest”中输出的当前线程是主线程,而不是“Thread-0”,这是因为它是“ threadTest.method1()”是由主线程所调用的。
? 再回到上面的问题中,调用“thread2.join();”导致主线程被阻塞,紧接着线程B开始执行,线程B执行完毕后开始执行主线程,而此时主线程还在阻塞状态(即还在该线程锁的waitset中),那么它是如何实现唤醒主线程,使得它能够接着执行的呢?实际上这是因为每个线程在退出时,会执行notifyAll唤醒所有阻塞在该实例锁上的线程。
为了更为方便的说明这个问题,设计如下的实例,创建一个线程类,定义“method1”方法和“run”方法,然后在主线程中调用它
class ThreadTest extends Thread{
public synchronized void method1() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("hello world");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
wait();
System.out.println("==================");
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(10_000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Demo51 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadTest threadTest = new ThreadTest();
threadTest.start();
threadTest.method1();
System.out.println("===Exit===");
}
}
运行结果:
hello world
main
==================
===Exit===
? 来分析一下程序的执行,“ThreadTest threadTest = new ThreadTest()”创建线程对象,“threadTest.start();”启动这个线程,“threadTest.method1();”执行method1方法,关注点就在这里,在执行method1方法的时候,主线程会尝试获取“threadTest ”对象的锁,成功后进入到方法体,然后进入到阻塞状态,而threadTest 在启动后执行run方法中的内容,然后睡眠10秒钟,在随眠结束后执行完毕,threadTest 退出执行状态,在退出时,执行notify_all方法唤醒阻塞在threadTest 锁上的主线程。
// 位于/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/thread.cpp中
void JavaThread::exit(bool destroy_vm, ExitType exit_type) { // ... // Notify waiters on thread object. This has to be done after exit() is called // on the thread (if the thread is the last thread in a daemon ThreadGroup the // group should have the destroyed bit set before waiters are notified). // 有一个贼不起眼的一行代码,就是这行 ensure_join(this); // ... }
static void ensure_join(JavaThread* thread) { // We do not need to grap the Threads_lock, since we are operating on ourself. Handle threadObj(thread, thread->threadObj()); assert(threadObj.not_null(), "java thread object must exist"); ObjectLocker lock(threadObj, thread); // Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway thread->clear_pending_exception(); // Thread is exiting. So set thread_status field in java.lang.Thread class to TERMINATED. java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(threadObj(), java_lang_Thread::TERMINATED); // Clear the native thread instance - this makes isAlive return false and allows the join() // to complete once we've done the notify_all below java_lang_Thread::set_thread(threadObj(), NULL); // 同志们看到了没,别的不用看,就看这一句 // thread就是当前线程,是啥?就是刚才例子中说的threadA线程啊。 lock.notify_all(thread); // Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway thread->clear_pending_exception(); }
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u010983881/article/details/80257703
? 同理在Thread.join中,也是如此。如果一个线程A执行了thread.join()语句,其含义是:当前线程A等待thread线程终止之后才从thread.join()返回;它的底层实现就是线程A进入到了thread对象的waitset中了,当thread的线程执行完毕后,在线程退出操作中,会自动唤醒阻塞在thread对象上的线程A,这样线程A也就能够继续执行了,表现为线程A等待thread执行完毕后,才接着执行。
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