简单工厂方法，工厂模式，抽象工厂模式

Posted 2021-03-08 camcay

简要对比

• 简单工厂方法是一种编程习惯，不是设计模式：一个电脑工厂，负责生产不同的电脑。
• 工厂模式：联想工厂负责生产联想电脑，戴尔工厂负责生产戴尔电脑(实际的工厂类)，它们都有生产电脑的方法（实现公共接口）。
• 抽象工厂：联想工厂既要生产电脑，又要生产鼠标；戴尔工厂既要生产电脑，又要生产鼠标（实际的工厂类）。他们都有生产电脑和鼠标的方法（实现公共接口）。其中生产鼠标和电脑都是用工厂模式实现（包含多个工厂模式）。
• 抽象工厂模式的优点是可以保证同一个工厂返回的同一个产品族，比如使用罗技的工厂就只会生产罗技的鼠标和键盘。缺点是扩展比较困难，接口标准里增加了一个方法，所有实现接口的子类都需要改变。

简单工厂方法：把生成对象集中到一个类里，严格来说不是设计模式，而是一种编程习惯。（创建方法通常定义为静态）

类图

示例

public interface Computer {
}

public class DellComputer implements Computer {
    public DellComputer(){
        System.out.println("戴尔");
    }
}

public class Lenovo implements Computer {
    public Lenovo(){
        System.out.println("联想");
    }
}

public class SimpleComputerFactory {
    static Computer createComputer(String type){
        Computer computer =null;
        if("dell".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
            computer = new DellComputer();
        }else if("lenovo".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
            computer = new Lenovo();
        }
        return  computer;
    }
}

运行

public class SimpleFactoryTestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        SimpleComputerFactory.createComputer("dell");
        SimpleComputerFactory.createComputer("lenovo");
    }
}

结果

 

 

 

工厂模式：定义了一个创建对象的接口，由子类决定要实例化的类，把实例化延迟到子类。

类图

示例

public interface Computer {
}

public class Lenovo implements Computer {
   public Lenovo(){
       System.out.println("联想");
   }
}

public class ThinkPad implements Computer {
    public ThinkPad(){
        System.out.println("ThinkPad");
    }
}

public interface  ComputerFactory {
     Computer createCompute(String type) ;
}

public class LenovoComputerFactory implements ComputerFactory{
    @Override
    public Computer createCompute(String type) {
        Computer computer = null;
        if("lenovo".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
            computer = new Lenovo();
        }else  if("thinkpad".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
            computer = new ThinkPad();
        }
        return computer;
    }
}

运行

public class ComputerFactoryTestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ComputerFactory lenovoComputerFactory = new LenovoComputerFactory();
        lenovoComputerFactory.createCompute("lenovo");
        lenovoComputerFactory.createCompute("thinkpad");
    }
}

结果

抽象工厂模式：提供了一个接口，用来创建相关或依赖或依赖对象的家族，而不需要明确指定具体类。（常包含多个工厂模式，可以看做创建工厂的工厂）

类图

示例

//键盘接口
public interface KeyBoard {
}
public class LogitechKeyBoardA implements KeyBoard {
    public LogitechKeyBoardA(){
        System.out.println("罗技键盘A");
    }
}

public class LogitechKeyBoardB implements KeyBoard {
    public LogitechKeyBoardB(){
        System.out.println("罗技键盘B");
    }
}

public class RazerKeyBoardA implements KeyBoard {
    public RazerKeyBoardA(){
        System.out.println("雷蛇键盘A");
    }
}

public class RazerKeyBoardB implements KeyBoard {
    public RazerKeyBoardB(){
        System.out.println("雷蛇键盘B");
    }
}

//鼠标接口
public interface Mouse {
}

public class LogitechMouseA implements Mouse{
    public LogitechMouseA(){
        System.out.println("罗技鼠标A");
    }
}

public class LogitechMouseB implements Mouse{
    public LogitechMouseB(){
        System.out.println("罗技鼠标B");
    }
}

public class RazerMouseA implements Mouse{
    public RazerMouseA(){
        System.out.println("雷蛇鼠标A");
    }
}

public class RazerMouseB implements Mouse{
    public RazerMouseB(){
        System.out.println("雷蛇鼠标B");
    }
}

//外设工厂接口，负责生产键盘和鼠标
public interface PeripheralsFactory {
     Mouse createMouse(String type);
     KeyBoard createKeyBord(String type);
}

public class LogitechPeripheralsFactory implements PeripheralsFactory {
    @Override
    public Mouse createMouse(String type) {
        Mouse mouse = null;
        if ("A".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            mouse = new LogitechMouseA();
        } else if ("B".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            mouse = new LogitechMouseB();
        }
        return mouse;
    }

    @Override
    public KeyBoard createKeyBord(String type) {
        KeyBoard keyBoard = null;
        if ("A".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            keyBoard = new LogitechKeyBoardA();
        } else if ("B".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            keyBoard = new LogitechKeyBoardB();
        }
        return keyBoard;
    }
}

public class RazerPeripheralsFactory implements PeripheralsFactory {
    @Override
    public Mouse createMouse(String type) {
        Mouse mouse = null;
        if ("A".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            mouse = new RazerMouseA();
        } else if ("B".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            mouse = new RazerMouseB();
        }
        return mouse;
    }

    @Override
    public KeyBoard createKeyBord(String type) {
        KeyBoard keyBoard = null;
        if ("A".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            keyBoard = new RazerKeyBoardA();
        } else if ("B".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            keyBoard = new RazerKeyBoardB();
        }
        return keyBoard;
    }
}

 

运行

public class PeripheralsAbstractFactoryTestDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        PeripheralsFactory razerFactory = new RazerPeripheralsFactory();
        razerFactory.createKeyBord("A");
        razerFactory.createKeyBord("B");
        razerFactory.createMouse("A");
        razerFactory.createMouse("B");
        PeripheralsFactory logitechFactory = new LogitechPeripheralsFactory();
        logitechFactory.createKeyBord("A");
        logitechFactory.createKeyBord("B");
        logitechFactory.createMouse("A");
        logitechFactory.createMouse("B");
    }
}

结果