CyclicBarrier源码解读

Posted 2021-03-05 sunleejon

package java.util.concurrent;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class CyclicBarrier {

    private static class Generation {
        boolean broken = false;
    }

    /** The lock for guarding barrier entry */
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    /** Condition to wait on until tripped */
    private final Condition trip = lock.newCondition();
    /** The number of parties */
    private final int parties;
    /* The command to run when tripped */
    private final Runnable barrierCommand;
    /** The current generation */
    private Generation generation = new Generation();

    /**
     * Number of parties still waiting. Counts down from parties to 0
     * on each generation.  It is reset to parties on each new
     * generation or when broken.
     */
    private int count;

    /**
     * Updates state on barrier trip and wakes up everyone.
     * Called only while holding lock.
     */
    private void nextGeneration() {
        // signal completion of last generation
        trip.signalAll();
        // set up next generation
        count = parties;
        generation = new Generation();
    }

    /**
     * Sets current barrier generation as broken and wakes up everyone.
     * Called only while holding lock.
     */
    private void breakBarrier() {
        generation.broken = true;
        count = parties;
        trip.signalAll();
    }

    /**
     * Main barrier code, covering the various policies.
     */
    private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            final Generation g = generation;

            if (g.broken)
                throw new BrokenBarrierException();

            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                breakBarrier();
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int index = --count;
            if (index == 0) {  // tripped
                boolean ranAction = false;
                try {
                    final Runnable command = barrierCommand;
                    if (command != null)
                        command.run();
                    ranAction = true;
                    nextGeneration();
                    return 0;
                } finally {
                    if (!ranAction)
                        breakBarrier();
                }
            }

            // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out
            for (;;) {
                try {
                    if (!timed)
                        trip.await();
                    else if (nanos > 0L)
                        nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                    if (g == generation && ! g.broken) {
                        breakBarrier();
                        throw ie;
                    } else {
                        // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not
                        // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to
                        // "belong" to subsequent execution.
                        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                    }
                }

                if (g.broken)
                    throw new BrokenBarrierException();

                if (g != generation)
                    return index;

                if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {
                    breakBarrier();
                    throw new TimeoutException();
                }
            }
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {
        if (parties <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        this.parties = parties;
        this.count = parties;
        this.barrierCommand = barrierAction;
    }


    public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {
        this(parties, null);
    }


    public int getParties() {
        return parties;
    }


    public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
        try {
            return dowait(false, 0L);
        } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
            throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen
        }
    }


    public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException,
               BrokenBarrierException,
               TimeoutException {
        return dowait(true, unit.toNanos(timeout));
    }


    public boolean isBroken() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return generation.broken;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public void reset() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            breakBarrier();   // break the current generation
            nextGeneration(); // start a new generation
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public int getNumberWaiting() {
        final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
        lock.lock();
        try {
            return parties - count;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

1. CyclicBarrier 是什么？

从字面上的意思可以知道，这个类的中文意思是“循环栅栏”。大概的意思就是一个可循环利用的屏障。

它的作用就是会让所有线程都等待完成后才会继续下一步行动。

举个例子，就像生活中我们会约朋友们到某个餐厅一起吃饭，有些朋友可能会早到，有些朋友可能会晚到，但是这个餐厅规定必须等到所有人到齐之后才会让我们进去。这里的朋友们就是各个线程，餐厅就是 CyclicBarrier。

2. 怎么使用 CyclicBarrier

2.1 构造方法

public CyclicBarrier(int parties)
public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)

解析：

• parties 是参与线程的个数
• 第二个构造方法有一个 Runnable 参数，这个参数的意思是最后一个到达线程要做的任务

2.2 重要方法

public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException
public int await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException, TimeoutException

解析：

• 线程调用 await() 表示自己已经到达栅栏
• BrokenBarrierException 表示栅栏已经被破坏，破坏的原因可能是其中一个线程 await() 时被中断或者超时

2.3 基本使用

2.3.1 需求

一个线程组的线程需要等待所有线程完成任务后再继续执行下一次任务

2.3.2 代码实现

public class CyclicBarrierDemo {

    static class TaskThread extends Thread {
        
        CyclicBarrier barrier;
        
        public TaskThread(CyclicBarrier barrier) {
            this.barrier = barrier;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(getName() + " 到达栅栏 A");
                barrier.await();
                System.out.println(getName() + " 冲破栅栏 A");
                
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                System.out.println(getName() + " 到达栅栏 B");
                barrier.await();
                System.out.println(getName() + " 冲破栅栏 B");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int threadNum = 5;
        CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNum, new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 完成最后任务");
            }
        });
        
        for(int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {
            new TaskThread(barrier).start();
        }
    }
    
}

打印结果：

Thread-1 到达栅栏 A
Thread-3 到达栅栏 A
Thread-0 到达栅栏 A
Thread-4 到达栅栏 A
Thread-2 到达栅栏 A
Thread-2 完成最后任务
Thread-2 冲破栅栏 A
Thread-1 冲破栅栏 A
Thread-3 冲破栅栏 A
Thread-4 冲破栅栏 A
Thread-0 冲破栅栏 A
Thread-4 到达栅栏 B
Thread-0 到达栅栏 B
Thread-3 到达栅栏 B
Thread-2 到达栅栏 B
Thread-1 到达栅栏 B
Thread-1 完成最后任务
Thread-1 冲破栅栏 B
Thread-0 冲破栅栏 B
Thread-4 冲破栅栏 B
Thread-2 冲破栅栏 B
Thread-3 冲破栅栏 B

从打印结果可以看出，所有线程会等待全部线程到达栅栏之后才会继续执行，并且最后到达的线程会完成 Runnable 的任务。

3. CyclicBarrier 使用场景

可以用于多线程计算数据，最后合并计算结果的场景。

4. CyclicBarrier 与 CountDownLatch 区别

• CountDownLatch 是一次性的，CyclicBarrier 是可循环利用的
• CountDownLatch 参与的线程的职责是不一样的，有的在倒计时，有的在等待倒计时结束。CyclicBarrier 参与的线程职责是一样的。

转载自：https://www.jianshu.com/p/333fd8faa56e