selenium-3:定位元素

Posted 2021-03-05 g2thend

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３,定位元素

测试对象的定位和操作是webdriver的核心内容
定位对象的目的一般有下面几种
操作对象
获得对象的属性，如获得测试对象的class属性，name属性等等
获得对象的text
获得对象的数量

webdriver提供了一系列的对象定位方法，常用的有以下几种
id
name
class name
link text
partial link text
tag name
xpath
css selector

定位元素

以下方法返回单个元素

find_element_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_class_name
find_element_by_css_selector

返回元素列表：

find_elements_by_name
find_elements_by_xpath
find_elements_by_link_text
find_elements_by_partial_link_text
find_elements_by_tag_name
find_elements_by_class_name
find_elements_by_css_selector

两个私有方法：
find_element and find_elements

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="Some text"]')
driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//button')

By class可以使用的属性

ID = "id"
XPATH = "xpath"
LINK_TEXT = "link text"
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
NAME = "name"
TAG_NAME = "tag name"
CLASS_NAME = "class name"
CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

使用Id　定位

示例

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
  </form>
 </body>
<html>

获取form元素使用方法：

login_form = driver.find_element_by_id('loginForm')

使用Name　定位

示例

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
   <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
  </form>
</body>
<html>

获取username 和password　元素使用方法：

username = driver.find_element_by_name('username')
password = driver.find_element_by_name('password')

获取到login按钮，因为他在clear按钮之前


continue = driver.find_element_by_name('continue')

使用Xpath　定位

XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document

示例html

<html>
 <body>
  <form id="loginForm">
   <input name="username" type="text" />
   <input name="password" type="password" />
   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />
   <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />
  </form>
</body>
<html>

定位form 元素:

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]")
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[1]")
login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']")

定位username 元素

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[input/@name='username']")
username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[1]")
username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='username']")

定位clear按钮:

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']")
clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[4]")

通过链接文本获取超链接

<html>
 <body>
  <p>Are you sure you want to do this?</p>
  <a href="continue.html">Continue</a>
  <a href="cancel.html">Cancel</a>
</body>
<html>

continue.html link can be located like this

continue_link = driver.find_element_by_link_text('Continue')
continue_link = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('Conti')

定位元素通过标签名称(Tag name)

<html>
 <body>
  <h1>Welcome</h1>
  <p>Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>

#定位:

heading1 = driver.find_element_by_tag_name('h1')

定位元素通过类名(CLASS name)

<html>
 <body>
  <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>
#定位:

content = driver.find_element_by_class_name('content')

定位元素通过CSS Selector

<html>
 <body>
  <p class="content">Site content goes here.</p>
</body>
<html>
#定位:

content = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('p.content')

获取标签后返回的对象的方法

>>> text = driver.find_element_by_class_name("tlid-translation")
>>> text.
text.clear(                               
text.find_element_by_partial_link_text(   
text.find_elements_by_name(              
text.is_enabled(                         
text.screenshot_as_png
text.click(                               
text.find_element_by_tag_name(            
text.find_elements_by_partial_link_text(  
text.is_selected(                         
text.send_keys(
text.find_element(                        
text.find_element_by_xpath(               
text.find_elements_by_tag_name(           
text.location                             
text.size
text.find_element_by_class_name(          
text.find_elements(                      
text.find_elements_by_xpath(              
text.location_once_scrolled_into_view     
text.submit(
text.find_element_by_css_selector(        
text.find_elements_by_class_name(         
text.get_attribute(                       
text.parent                               
text.tag_name
text.find_element_by_id(                  
text.find_elements_by_css_selector(       
text.get_property(                        
text.rect                                 
text.text
text.find_element_by_link_text(          
text.find_elements_by_id(                 
text.id                                   
text.screenshot(                          
text.value_of_css_property(
text.find_element_by_name(                
text.find_elements_by_link_text(          
text.is_displayed(                        
text.screenshot_as_base64