大型网站架构——百万PV网站

Posted 2021-03-05

实验架构：

黑线是正常情况数据的流向
红色是异常情况下数据流向

实验环境：

CentOS7-1(master)   192.168.13.128  nginx反向代理(主)、redis缓存处理器(主)、mysql数据库(主)
CentOS7-2(backup)   192.168.13.129  nginx反向代理(备)、redis缓存处理器(备)、mysql数据库(从)
CentOS7-3(tomcat1)  192.168.13.130  tomcat(主)
CentOS7-4(tomcat2)  192.168.13.131  tomcat(备)

1，安装部署nginx和keepalive服务（主备都需安装）

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service ##关闭防火墙
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
##安装nginx源
[root@master ~]# yum install -y keepalived nginx  ##下载nginx和keepalive服务
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
        route_id NGINX_HA             ##备份为 NGINX_HB
}  ##下面删除4行

##触发脚本
vrrp_script nginx {
        script "/opt/shell/nginx.sh"   
        interval 2   ##间隔时间
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER               ##备份为BACKUP
        interface ens33    ##网卡
        virtual_router_id 51        
        priority 100                 ##备份优先级小于主
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
                auth_type PASS
                auth_pass 1111
}

track_script {     ##调用上面的函数
        nginx
}

virtual_ipaddress {   ##虚拟ip
        192.168.200.200
        }
}
//备服务器上修改
router_id NGINX_HB    ##主备不一样
state BACKUP    ##主服务
priority 90    ## 优先级，备服务器设置 90 
//
[root@master ~]# mkdir /opt/shell
[root@master ~]# vim /opt/shell/nginx.sh    ##编写nginx触发脚本
#!/bin/bash
k=`ps -ef | grep keepalived | grep -v grep | wc -l`
if [ $k -gt 0 ];then
/bin/systemctl start nginx.service
else
/bin/systemctl stop nginx.service
fi
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /opt/shell/nginx.sh 
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ##在include 上面一行新增
upstream tomcat_pool {
                                server 192.168.13.130:8080;   ##定义后端节点服务器地址池
                                server 192.168.13.131:8080;
                                ip_hash;   ##会话稳固功能，否则无法通过vip地址登陆
                }
server {
                                listen 80;
                                server_name 192.168.13.100;   ##虚拟出的ip
                                location / {
                                                proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool;
                                                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                                }
}
[root@master ~]# nginx -t  ##检查nginx配置文件的语法有没有问题
[root@master ~]# systemctl start keepalived.service  ##启动keepalive服务
[root@master ~]# ip a   ##查看虚拟ip

2，安装部署MySQL（主备都需要安装）

[root@master ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb
[root@master ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service      
[root@master ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      38997/mysqld        
[root@master ~]# mysql_secure_installation   ##初始化数据库
Enter current password for root (enter for none):   ##此处直接回车
Set root password? [Y/n] n     ##设置密码
Password updated successfully!
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] n     ##是否删除匿名用户，选择不删除
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n   ##是否远程连接
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n      ##是否删除测试数据库
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y    ##是否重新加载
 ... Success!
 [root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p < slsaledb-2014-4-10.sql   ##导入数据库
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p  ##进入数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;   ##查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| slsaledb           |    ##导入的数据库
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT all ON slsaledb.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘abc123‘;
##授权slsaledb库下的所有给root用户密码为abc123
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;   ##刷新权限

3，部署tomcat服务（两台节点服务器上做）

[root@tomcat01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@tomcat01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@tomcat01 ~]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.23.tar.gz -C /opt/  ##解压压缩包
[root@tomcat01 ~]# tar zxvf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@tomcat01 ~]# cp -r /opt/jdk1.8.0_144/ /usr/local/java   ##复制jdk目录到/usr/local/java
[root@tomcat01 ~]# vim /etc/profile  ##修改环境变量
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
export JRE_HOME=/usr/local/java/jre
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/java/bin
export CLASSPATH=./:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib
[root@tomcat01 ~]# source /etc/profile  
[root@tomcat01 ~]# java -version   ##查看版本
[root@tomcat01 ~]# cp -r /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.23/ /usr/local/tomcat8 ##tomcat目录
[root@tomcat01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/tomcatup  ##建立软连接
[root@tomcat01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/tomcatdown
[root@tomcat01 ~]# tomcatup  ##开启tomcat
[root@tomcat01 ~]# netstat -natp | grep 8080  ##查看tomcat端口号
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      37752/java 
[root@tomcat01 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp //修改默认网页内容
                        <h1>server 130</h1>   //节点1的网页内容

                        <h1>server 131</h1>  //节点2的网页内容

[root@tomcat01 ROOT]# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/
[root@tomcat01 conf]# vim server.xml  ##修改tomcat配置文件
148       <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
149             unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
150       <Context path="" docBase="SLSaleSystem" reloadable="true" debug="    0"></Context>
##日志调试信息debug为0表示信息越少，docBase指定访问目录
[root@tomcat01 conf]# tomcatup  ##启动tomcat服务

4，搭建商城网站

[root@tomcat01 ~]# tar zxvf SLSaleSystem.tar.gz -C /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/
[root@tomcat01 ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes/
[root@tomcat01 classes]# vim jdbc.properties
driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.13.100:3306/slsaledb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
##修改地址为虚拟ip
uname=root
password=abc123  ##授权的用户名和密码
minIdle=10
maxIdle=50
initialSize=5
maxActive=100
maxWait=100
removeAbandonedTimeout=180
removeAbandoned=true
[root@tomcat01 classes]# tomcatdown  ##关闭开启tomca服务
[root@tomcat01 classes]# tomcatup

5，部署redis主从和群集（在主备上配置）

[root@master ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@master ~]# yum install redis -y
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/redis.conf | grep -v "^#" | grep -v "^$"
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/redis.conf
 bind 0.0.0.0
 ##从服务器上266行多如下一行配置
 slaveof 192.168.200.128  6379  ##主服务器的IP不是虚拟IP
 [root@master ~]# systemctl start redis.service  ##开启redis服务
[root@master ~]# netstat -natp | grep 6379
[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.128 -p 6379   ##在主上设置键值
192.168.13.128:6379> set name test
OK
192.168.13.128:6379> get name
"test"
[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.129 -p 6379   ##在从上查看，显示主从同步
192.168.13.129:6379> get name
"test"

6，在tomcat服务器上配置（配置项目商城中连接redis的参数）

[root@tomcat01 classes]# vim /usr/local/tomcat8/webapps/SLSaleSystem/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-mybatis.xml
 47                 <constructor-arg value="192.168.13.100"/>  ##虚拟地址
 48                 <constructor-arg value="6379"/>
[root@tomcat01 classes]# tomcatdown  ##关闭开启tomca服务
[root@tomcat01 classes]# tomcatup

7，在主备服务器上配置（测试Redis缓存效果）

//登录商城，然后反复点击需要数据库参与的操作页面，再回来检查keyspace_hits或者keyspace_misses: 值变化
//keyspace_hits: 或者 keyspace_misses://关注这个值，命中数和未命中数
[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.100 -p 6379
192.168.13.100:6379> info
expired_keys:0
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:2   ##命中，说明redis参与工作了
keyspace_misses:0
pubsub_channels:0

8，配置redis集群主从切换（只在主服务器上操作）

[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.128 info Replication  ##获取当前服务器的角色
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=192.168.13.129,port=6379,state=online,offset=10800,lag=0
master_repl_offset:10800
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:10799
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/redis-sentinel.conf  ##修改redis哨兵配置文件
17 protected-mode no
69 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.200.128 6379 1 ##1表示1台从 注意：修改
98 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 3000 ##故障切换时间单位是毫秒
[root@master ~]# service redis-sentinel start   ##启动集群
[root@master ~]# netstat -anpt | grep 26379  ##查看端口号
[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.128 -p 26379 info Sentinel  
# Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.13.128:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1
//验证主从切换//
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop redis.service   ##关闭主的redis服务
[root@master ~]# redis-cli -h 192.168.13.128 -p 26379 info Sentinel 
# Sentinel
sentinel_masters:1
sentinel_tilt:0
sentinel_running_scripts:0
sentinel_scripts_queue_length:0
sentinel_simulate_failure_flags:0
master0:name=mymaster,status=ok,address=192.168.13.129:6379,slaves=1,sentinels=1
##此时切换到129备服务器上
[root@master ~]# systemctl start redis.service  ##重启开启主的redis服务

9，在主备服务器上配置（配置mysql主从复制）

//主服务器上配置//
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
character_set_server=utf8
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=1
log_slave_updates=true
sync_binlog=1
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 
[root@master ~]# netstat -natp | grep 3306
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;  ##查看主数据库状态信息
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB         |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |      245 |              | mysql,information_schema |
+------------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘rep‘@‘192.168.13.%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;   
##授权复制权限
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
//备服务器上配置//
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
binlog-ignore-db=mysql,information_schema
character_set_server=utf8
log_bin=mysql_bin
server_id=2      ##修改id为2
log_slave_updates=true
sync_binlog=1
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service 
[root@backup ~]# mysql -uroot
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host=‘192.168.13.128‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘mysql_bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=245;
##复制主服务器上的二进制日志文件及位置

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;   ##开启同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave statusG  ##查看从同步状态
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

10，关闭master主服务器，验证架构

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谢谢阅读！！！