Promethues安装

Posted 2021-03-04 gaofeng-henu

二进制方式

1. 下载安装包 最新安装包

   $ mkdir -p /opt/k8s/prometheus
   $ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus
   $ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.16.0/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   
   $ tar -xzvf prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
   

2. 查看解压后的文件目录

   $ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64
   
   $  ls -al
   总用量 141000
   drwxr-xr-x 4 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:54 .
   drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     4096 3月  18 12:05 ..
   drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:52 console_libraries
   drwxr-xr-x 2 3434 3434     4096 2月  14 09:52 consoles
   -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434    11357 2月  14 09:52 LICENSE
   -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434     3184 2月  14 09:52 NOTICE
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 82329106 2月  14 07:52 prometheus
   -rw-r--r-- 1 3434 3434      926 2月  14 09:52 prometheus.yml
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 48417809 2月  14 07:54 promtool
   -rwxr-xr-x 1 3434 3434 13595766 2月  14 07:54 tsdb 
   

   • consoles: prometheus自带的一些view对应的html文件
   • prometheus: 一个可执行文件，是Prometheus server的启动文件
   • prometheus.yml: 默认的配置文件
   • data： Prometheus 抓取的指标数据存放目录
   • promtool: 一个工具集，可以用来对配置文件、规则文件进行检查，也可以利用PromQl进行查询操作
   • tsdb: prometheus 自身的时间序列数据库TSDB的客户端工具

运行prometheus

1. 使用默认的配置文件启动prometheus

   $ cd /opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64
   $ ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:295 msg="no time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:331 msg="Starting Prometheus" version="(version=2.16.0, branch=HEAD, revision=b90be6f32a33c03163d700e1452b54454ddce0ec)"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:332 build_context="(go=go1.13.8, user=root@7ea0ae865f12, date=20200213-23:50:02)"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:333 host_details="(Linux 5.3.0-40-generic #32~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Feb 3 14:05:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 master (none))"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:334 fd_limits="(soft=1024, hard=1048576)"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.719Z caller=main.go:335 vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.720Z caller=main.go:661 msg="Starting TSDB ..."
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.720Z caller=web.go:508 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.723Z caller=head.go:577 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.723Z caller=head.go:625 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:676 fs_type=EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:677 msg="TSDB started"
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.724Z caller=main.go:747 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.725Z caller=main.go:775 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=prometheus.yml
   level=info ts=2020-03-18T05:41:13.725Z caller=main.go:630 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests."
   

2. 默认配置文件

   $ cat prometheus.yml
   
   # my global config
   global:
     scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
     evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
     # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
   
   # Alertmanager configuration
   alerting:
     alertmanagers:
     - static_configs:
       - targets:
         # - alertmanager:9093
   
   # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
   rule_files:
     # - "first_rules.yml"
     # - "second_rules.yml"
   
   # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
   # Here it's Prometheus itself.
   scrape_configs:
     # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
     - job_name: 'prometheus'
   
       # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
       # scheme defaults to 'http'.
   
       static_configs:
       - targets: ['localhost:9090']
   

   • global 配置prometheus拉取指标数据的频率和进行计算的频率，都是15s

   • scrape_configs 配置段中，通过静态配置方式指定从localhost:9090/metrics拉取指标信息，其中9090是prometheus server启动后监听的端口

   • 通过访问 http://localhost:9090/metrics，可以观察prometheus自身提供的各种监控指标

3. 通过界面访问

   

4. 将Promethues配置成系统服务，随系统启动

   1. 编辑启动文件

      $ cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service<< EOF
      
      [Unit]
      Description=Prometheus Server
      Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
      After=network.target
      
      [Service]
      Restart=on-failure
      WorkingDirectory=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64
      ExecStart=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/prometheus --config.file=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/opt/k8s/prometheus/prometheus-2.16.0.linux-amd64/data --storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d
      ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
      [Install]
      WantedBy=multi-user.target
      EOF
      

      • config.file指定配置文件地址
      • storage.tsdb.path指定数据文件目录
      • storage.tsdb.retention.time指定数据文件保留时间

      Promethues提供了很多的命令行配置选项，可通过./prometheus -h进行查看

   2. 通过systemctl启动prometheus

      $ systemctl daemon-reload
      $ systemctl start prometheus
      $ systemctl enable prometheus
      

docker 容器方式

前提是服务器上已经装上了docker环境

1. 下载镜像

   $ docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
   

2. 启动镜像

   $ docker run -p 9090:9090 prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
   

   • 以上命令采用默认配置启动prometheus

3. 通过挂载方式将配置文件挂载到容器内来自定义配置项

   docker run -p 9090:9090 -v /tmp/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
   

   或者将配置目录直接挂载进去

   docker run -p 9090:9090 -v /path/to/config:/etc/prometheus prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
   

   如果监控目标以及rule等信息都稳定下来，可以基于prometheus的镜像，将配置文件等信息追加到容器中,Dockerfile如下

   FROM prom/prometheus:v2.16.0
   ADD prometheus.yml /etc/prometheus/