语法书 - 第二讲

Posted 2021-03-04 mackerel-pike

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第二讲名词数词形容词副词

sheep, cattle, headquaters, species

~~男人♂和女人~~

man, women + n.[sing] ( o) men, women + n.[plu]

girl, boy + n.[sing] ( o) girl, boy + n.[plu]

male, female + n.[sing] ( o) male, female + n.[plu]

a woman teacher ( o) two women teachers
连字符：

brother-in-law ( o) brothers-in-law （中心词）

grown-up ( o) grown-ups（没有中心词，加在末尾）
国家 + man ( o) 国家 + men

只有 Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman

	为什么？
连字符，定语	a three-metre-long stick	a two-day trip
无连字符，定语	three metres long stick X three metres‘ stick X	two days‘ trip 注意，前面没有冠词
连字符，表语	The stick is three-metre-long. X	The trip is two-day-long. X
无连字符，表语	The stick is three metres long.	The trip is two days long.

十进制单位

用法	情况
xxx + hundred / thousand / million + n.	数字 a few, several
xxx + hundreds / thousands / millions of + n.	什么也不加直接用 tens of hundreds of hundreds and thousands of many

倍数表示法

[egin{cases} m{X quad times quad as quad adj./adv. quad as quad + quad n.\X quad times quad adj./adv.[sup] quad than quad +quad n.\ X quad times quad the quad + quad 物理量 quad + quad of}end{cases} ]
They have twice as much money as we do. （如果形容词还要修饰名词，名词紧跟形容词后）
每隔

every + 基数词 + n.[plu] = every + 序数词 + n.[sing]

every two days = every other day
比例表示法 X in Y
与名词连用构成复合定语，中间要用连字符，且只用名词单数形式

作表语而不作前置定语
- a开头的形容词
- ill, well, worth, ready, sorry
后置
- 在不定代词 / 地点副词后的形容词
- 形容词短语（相当于定语从句）
- else
- enough后的形容词
- a开头的形容词
多个形容词的顺序

~~美小圆旧黄，法国木书房~~ ~~（小学内容）~~

限定词 - 观点（大小 / 长短） - 形状 - 年龄或新旧 - 颜色 - 来源或出处 - 材料性质或种类

as结构

? as + adj. + as

? not so + adj. + as

( = not as + adj. + as)
句型
- 区分
  - It‘s + adj. + of + sb + to do. (Rightarrow) 某人的品质
  - It‘s + adj. + for + sb + to do. (Rightarrow) 某事的性质
- 主语 + be + adj. + to do / that
  - to do, 表示物的性质（主动表被动）
  - to do / that 表示人的感情 / 情绪 / 能力 / 意志
    
    glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful;
    
    ready, able, sure, certain.
作伴随状语

Hungry and thirsty, he came home. 伴随状语修饰主语而非谓语动词，不是 hungrily 和 thirstily.

+ than
- more + adj. + than （显然这里more + adj.要替换为正确的比较级形式）
  
  less + adj. + than
- not + adj.[cmp] + than ^[1] （简单比较）
  
  no + adj.[cmp] + than （”二者都不“）
+ the
- the + adj.[cmp], the + adj.[cmp]
- the + adj.[cmp] (+of the two) 句中只出现一方
被副词修饰

much, a lot, a (little) (bit), far, even

many more +n. 可以用来表示”很多其他“的意思 ~~不要看到many more就觉得这个选项死了~~

等价变形

more (X) than = less (ar{X}) than = not (ar{X}) = not so(as) (ar{X}) as
比较范围

[ m{ adj.[cmp] + than + egin{cases} egin{align} m{any other }& m{+ n.[sing]} \rm{the other }& m{+ n.[plu]} \rm{the rest of }& m{+ n.[plu]} end{align} end{cases} } = m{the adj.[sup] of / among all} ]
当被比较二者之间有包含关系，需要在句中增添排除。
比较对象（多见于含属格的句子中）

Our eye are not as effective as those of?many other animals.

enough

adj. + enough

enough + n.
quite

quite + a / an + adj. + n.

(第三讲专项练习) II. 12. This word has __________ meaning.

A. a quite another B. quite another C. the quite another D. quite an another

answer
B. another = a more