mysql详解安装

Posted 2020-09-07

三种安装方式

1 二进制  解压就用

2 YUM/RPM   适用于很多台服务器安装，编译好后，做成RPM包 适用于yum仓库

3 编译安装     自定安装，相当于自己DIY了。。。5.1安装用make，5.5安装要用cmake

 

 

安装二进制详解演示！！

显示系统名、节点名称、操作系统的发行版号、操作系统版本、运行系统的机器 ID 号。

[[email protected] ~]# uname -a
Linux sky-mysql 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 23 15:44:03 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 

上传或者下载二进制包(官网或者网上，有很多)

[[email protected] ~]# ll /home/sky00747/tools/

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186722932 Apr 2 2017 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

 

解压缩

[[email protected] tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected] tools]# ll
total 182352
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Oct 21 22:41 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 186722932 Apr 2 2017 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

 

拷贝到你要放到的目录下

[[email protected] tools]#mkdir /application/

[[email protected] tools]# cp  -R mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/

[[email protected] tools]#ln -s mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64/ ./mysql #创建一个软连接

模板文件

[[email protected] mysql]# cd support-files/

[[email protected] support-files]# ll
total 100
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1153 Oct 21 22:43 binary-configure
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4528 Oct 21 22:43 config.huge.ini
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2382 Oct 21 22:43 config.medium.ini
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1626 Oct 21 22:43 config.small.ini
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 773 Oct 21 22:43 magic
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4691 Oct 21 22:43 my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19759 Oct 21 22:43 my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4665 Oct 21 22:43 my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4676 Oct 21 22:43 my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2840 Oct 21 22:43 my-small.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1061 Oct 21 22:43 mysqld_multi.server
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 839 Oct 21 22:43 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10880 Oct 21 22:43 mysql.server
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1326 Oct 21 22:43 ndb-config-2-node.ini
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Oct 21 22:43 solaris

 

创建存放data文件的目录

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql

 

 

 

拷贝模板文件（就是配置文件），根据自己需求拷贝把。也可以后慢慢改改

[[email protected] support-files]# cp my-large.cnf ./my.cnf

这样拷贝会有很多的注释。。根据自己喜好吧。。。我就不注释了

注释参数 cat my-large.cnf|egrep -v "#|^$" >/etc/my.cnf

 

vim my.cnf

在[mysqld]中

添加datadir = /var/lib/mysql

cp ./my.cnf /var/lib/mysql

#默认是可以拷贝到/etc/my.cnf

 

创建mysql用户，但是不能让这个用户登录

[[email protected] support-files]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

将目录授权给mysql用户与组

[[email protected] support-files]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[[email protected] support-files]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 4689 Oct 21 23:25 my.cnf

 

 

配置启动文件

[[email protected] support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

 

初始化（就是生产mysql的表）

./scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysql

 

启动mysql

可以通过/etc/init.d/mysqld start

还有一种

[[email protected] mysql]# cd /application/mysql/bin/

[[email protected] mysql]#./bin/mysqld_safe &

如果my.cnf 在/etc/下，这样启动就可以。但是我们的配置文件在/var/lib/mysql/下，就要指定文件了

[[email protected] mysql]#./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf &

查看是否启动

 查看端口

[[email protected] bin]# ss -lntup |grep 3306
tcp LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",27975,11))

 

查看任务

[[email protected] bin]# ps -ef |grep mysqld
root 27697 27448 0 23:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
mysql 27975 27697 1 23:56 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/var/lib/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/sky-mysql.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/sky-mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

 

启动mysql

[[email protected] bin]# echo ‘export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ >> /etc/profile
[[email protected] bin]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH
[[email protected] bin]# source /etc/profile

加入环境变量就可直接启动mysql了

[[email protected] bin]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.32-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

 

 

===============================编译安装=====================

 

安装5.5

检查依赖包

yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y

rpm -qa ncurses-devel libaio

 

如果安装5.5 需要一个软件 cmake

https://cmake.org/files/v3.7/cmake-3.7.2.tar.gz

tar xf cmake-3.6.3.tar.gz

cd cmake-3.6.3.tar.gz

./configure

gmake

gmake install

==========安装mysql===========

创建用户

useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

 

cd mysql-5.5.32

编译

cd mysql-5.5.32

编译

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.32 \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/data \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.32/tmp/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \

-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \

-DENABLED-LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DWITH_DEBUG=0

make && make install &

 

ln -s /application/mysql-5-5.32/ /application/mysql

 

安装完成

 

拷贝模板

cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp: overwrite `/etc/my.cnf‘? y

 

配置环境变量

echo ‘export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ >> /etc/profile

tail -1 /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

echo $PATH

/application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

一定要排在最前面

 

chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/data/

chmod -R 1777 /tmp/

 

初始化

cd /application/mysql/scripts/

./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

 

 

init.d启动脚本

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

 

查看端口

netstat -lntup|grep 3306

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19011/mysqld

 

就能登录了

 

启动mysql