关于KMP算法

Posted 2021-02-15 jieyuefeng

KMP算法的重点在于：当某一个字符与主串不匹配时，我们应该知道把指针j移动到哪里

// next[j] = k，表示当T[i] != P[j]时，j指针的下一个位置
public static int[] getNext(String ps) {

    char[] p = ps.toCharArray();

    int[] next = new int[p.length];

    next[0] = -1;

    int j = 0;

    int k = -1;

    while (j < p.length - 1) {

       if (k == -1 || p[j] == p[k]) {

           next[++j] = ++k;

       } else {

           k = next[k];

       }

    }

    return next;

}

鉴于KMP算法略晦涩，所以去看了Java中String的indexOf方法，意外发现居然是暴力破解法：

/**
     * Code shared by String and StringBuffer to do searches. The
     * source is the character array being searched, and the target
     * is the string being searched for.
     *
     * @param   source       the characters being searched.
     * @param   sourceOffset offset of the source string.
     * @param   sourceCount  count of the source string.
     * @param   target       the characters being searched for.
     * @param   targetOffset offset of the target string.
     * @param   targetCount  count of the target string.
     * @param   fromIndex    the index to begin searching from.
     */
    static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount,
            char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount,
            int fromIndex) {
        if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) {
            return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1);
        }
        if (fromIndex < 0) {
            fromIndex = 0;
        }
        if (targetCount == 0) {
            return fromIndex;
        }

        char first = target[targetOffset];
        int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount);

        for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) {
            /* Look for first character. */
            if (source[i] != first) {
                while (++i <= max && source[i] != first);
            }

            /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */
            if (i <= max) {
                int j = i + 1;
                int end = j + targetCount - 1;
                for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j]
                        == target[k]; j++, k++);

                if (j == end) {
                    /* Found whole string. */
                    return i - sourceOffset;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

于是又百度了一下，这样做可能的原因如下：
原来JDK的编写者们认为大多数情况下，字符串都不长，使用原始实现可能代价更低。因为KMP和Boyer-Moore算法都需要预先计算处理来获得辅助数组，需要一定的时间和空间，这可能在短字符串查找中相比较原始实现耗费更大的代价。而且一般大字符串查找时，程序员们也会使用其它特定的数据结构，查找起来更简单。这有点类似于排除特定情况下的快速排序了。不同环境选择不同算法。

• 详解KMP算法
• why-does-string-indexof-not-use-kmp